PILLARS OF INDIAN ECONOMY IN COVID-19: COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF FARMING & AGRO BASED INDUSTRY

The country was under lockdown from more than two months due to COVID-19. In this crisis, the farmers have not allowed food security to be endangered. Moreover, they have increased food production despite all the obstacles. Right now, farmers are facing many obvious and climatic problems. Prime Minister of India has said that we have to convert this crisis into opportunity. The solution to farmer’s problems is necessary, to make the country Atmanirbhar Bharat and to take it rapid fast on the path of progress. The outbreak of this epidemic has come at a time when the harvesting of Rabi crops had already started. However, taking necessary steps, Ministry of Agriculture has worked with all agencies of selling and buying agricultural products, units notified by the state governments, farmers and agricultural labourers along with machines used in harvesting and sowing and agro-horticulture exempted from and out of state. In addition, the All India Transport Call Centre was launched to remove bottlenecks in the movement of seeds, pesticides, fertilizers and fruits, vegetables, milk, eggs, fish and other perishable agricultural products

Neoliberal capitalism and misery of small peasantry and agricultural labourers in India

This article argues that, till date, a single paradigm dominates the discourse on agrarian crisis and farmers’ movement against the anti-farmer dictates of the Indian state. There is a pressing need for the organic intellectuals of the masses to build an alternative discourse to examine the agrarian crisis and its roots. To this end, the present article reasons that the neoliberal resolution of the agrarian crisis that the authoritarian-corporate nexus has imposed on the farming community will produce mass dispossession and displacement in India. It exposes the misery of traditional consciousness that rules over the current farmers’ movement in India. The article concludes that the agrarian crisis which is actually a crisis of small farmers and agricultural labourers requires modern consciousness for egalitarian and long-term resolution.

Migración Circular, Gestión y Rentabilidad de la Fuerza de Trabajo: El Caso de la Comunidad Agrícola de José Narciso Rovirosa, Quintana Roo

El propósito de este artículo es presentar las dinámicas de las nuevas formas de gestión y de apropiación de la fuerza de trabajo en el capitalismo global, tomando en cuenta la migración circular de los jornaleros agrícolas temporales de la comunidad de José Narciso Rovirosa, del Estado de Quintana Roo, que migran cíclicamente, mediante el programa de empleo temporal PTAT, a trabajar en las granjas de Canadá. Se parte de una presentación general sobre el concepto de migración circular entendida, en este trabajo, como el patrón de desplazamiento característico del capitalismo global para la maximización y rentabilidad de la fuerza de trabajo proveniente de países en desarrollo. Se afirma que los migrantes circulares encuentran en las comunidades de origen entramados económicos, sociales y políticos, que no permiten que las remesas obtenidas mediante condiciones de sobreexplotación en las granjas canadienses, se conviertan en fuente de desarrollo para la comunidad; pone en discusión la justificación para la gestión de la migración como factor de desarrollo en las comunidades de origen, se reafirma en cambio la migración como dinámica causal acumulativa que obliga a los trabajadores a buscar en la migración el único horizonte de sobrevivencia. This paper focuses on presenting the dynamics of the new forms of management and appropriation of labour power in global capitalism. It takes into account the circular migration of temporary agricultural labourers from the community of José Narciso Rovirosa, in the state of Quintana Roo, who migrate cyclically, through the temporary employment programme PTAT to work on farms in Canada. The paper begins with a general presentation of the concept of circular migration. This study is considered as the pattern of displacement characteristic of global capitalism for the maximization and profitability of the labour force from developing countries. It is affirmed that circular migrants find in their communities of origin economic, social, and political frameworks. These frameworks do not allow remittances obtained through conditions of overexploitation in Canadian farms to become a source of development for the community. It questions the justification for the management of migration as a factor of development in the communities of origin. It also reaffirms migration as an accumulative causal dynamic that forces workers to seek migration as the only horizon of survival.

A Study of Complications of Poisonous Snake Bites

BACKGROUND The present study was taken up to study the clinical manifestations, complications, and outcome in patients with poisonous snake bites admitted to Vivekanand Hospital, Latur (Maharashtra). METHODS This was a longitudinal study. Adult snakebite patients admitted from December 2012 to November 2014 were studied. RESULTS Mostly males (71.4 %) in the age group 18 - 29 years (58.6 %) were affected. Farmers (71.4 %) in rural areas (87.1 %) are the major sufferers. The neurotoxic venom poisoning ptosis (100 %) was commonest manifestation and was found in all cases. Palatal and pharyngeal palsy, ophthalmoplegia, respiratory palsy were also seen. In hemotoxic poisoning, bleeding from the bite site (73 %) was the commonest manifestation followed by hematuria (48.6 %) and gum bleeding (24.3 %). Among complications of poisonous snakebites, cellulitis (86.5 %) was the most common followed by acute renal failure (47.6 %), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (23.8 %), respiratory paralysis (12.7 %) and shock (4.28 %). Adverse reactions to anti-snake venom (ASV) were noted in 16 (22.9 %) patients. Total 10 patients died (14.3 %) mostly were due to acute renal failure (26.6 %). CONCLUSIONS Snakebite is common among agricultural labourers. Mostly males in the age group 18 - 29 years were bitten during 12 noon to 6 pm. Peak incidence peaked in between May to October. Viper bites were more common than Elapidae in this study. In neurotoxic envenomation, ptosis was the commonest and earliest symptom while in hemotoxic envenomation, most common symptoms were bleeding from bite site and hematuria. The commonest complications were cellulitis, acute renal failure and DIC. Early hospitalization and timely ASV were the corner stone in the treatment of snakebite. KEY WORDS Snakebite, Neurotoxic, Elapidae, Viperidae

Health and Nutritional Status of Tribal Agricultural Labourers of Wayanad District: A Critical Gender Analysis

The present investigation has been done on the basis of qualitative and quantitative data collected from primary sources and explored the health and nutritional status of tribal agricultural labourers. Majority of the respondents from Kattunaikan and Paniya communities washed their hands irregularly, while comparatively better habit of washing hands regularly was observed among the Kurichiya. Considerable number of respondents did not take timely vaccination, more than half of the male and female agricultural labourers did not consult physician on illness, irrespective of gender, majority of the respondents used tribal medicines over modern medicines, majority of the tribal people use water drinking without boiling and only a minor section had latrine facility in their houses. There was no significant difference between the three communities in the consumption of fruits and cereals, while, majority of the respondents of the three communities, consumed vegetables on regular basis. No regular intake of milk was among the three communities. Only a minor population among the respondents consumed pulses and fish/meat regularly. The ignorance about the severity of many medical conditions and problems of affordability to modern medical facilities expose the tribal communities to health risks and eventually leading them to high morbidity and mortality situations.

Land Alienation and Access To Common Property Resources among Tribal Agricultural Labourers of Wayanad District: A Critical Gender Analysis

The present investigation has been done on the basis of qualitative and quantitative data collected from primary sources and explored the land alienation and land ownership status of tribal agricultural labourers. It also investigates how social discrimination aggravates the extent of land alienation and influence the land ownership and access to common property resources among the tribal people. While considering the inter-community disparity in land ownership, Kurichiya community owned more land than Paniya community, whereas, Kattunaikan owned no land and remained landless. Majority of the tribal people, especially women experienced high degree of land alienation. The major methods of land alienation identified were marriage of tribal women with non-tribal men, mortgaging the land by the tribal people to the non-tribal people in return for credit. The major consequences of land alienation as perceived by the tribal agricultural labourers were widening gap between the rich and the poor tribal people, increased poverty, exploitation, confrontation between tribal and non-tribal people, migration, law and order problem in tribal areas and marginalization and exclusion. In the case of access to common property resources, Kurichiya community had better access to community well/ tap, forest produces, common land resources and water resources than Paniya and Kattunaikan communities.

Pengaruh Bisnis Youtube Reyhan Entertainment Terhadap Pemerataan Ekonomi Islam Di Desa Tapen Bondowoso

With YouTube social media users who are most in-demand by people in Indonesia. So the Youtube business sparked, and many people became YouTubers. This research conducted to look at the effect of the Youtube business on economic equity in the perspective of Islamic economics in the village of Tapen Bondowoso. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, by collecting data to get a clear picture of the problem under investigation. The result of this research is that Reyhan Entertainment's YouTube business can raise people's income in Tapen Bondowoso village. The majority of the population in Tapen village are high school or vocational school graduates who are still productive, do not have a job, and make a living as agricultural labourers. Establishing Youtube Reyhan Entertainment in Tapen village can open positions so that some people become employees with incomes above Bondowoso UMR. Based on economic equity from an Islamic financial perspective, the Youtube business does not fulfil the five indicators of economic equality based on Umer Chapra's theory.Keywords : Islamic Economics; Equity; Youtube; TapenAbstrakDengan pengguna media sosial Youtube yang paling banyak diminati oleh masyarakat di Indonesia. Maka tercetuslah bisnis Youtube, dan banyak masyarakat yang menjadi Youtuber. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bisnis Youtube terhadap pemerataan ekonomi dalam prespektif ekonomi islam di Desa Tapen Bondowoso. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dengan cara mengumpulkan data sehingga mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas mengenai masalah yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu bisnis Youtube Reyhan Entertainment dapat mengangkat pendapatan masyarakat di Desa Tapen Bondowoso. Mayoritas penduduk di Desa Tapen yaitu lulusan SMA atau SMK yang masih produktif, belum memiliki pekerjaan , dan bermata pencaharian sebagai buruh tani. Berdirinya bisnis Youtube Reyhan Entertainment di Desa Tapen dapat membuka lapangan pekerjaan sehingga beberapa masyarakat menjadi karyawan dengan pendapatan di atas UMR Bondowoso. Berdasarkan pemerataan ekonomi dalam prespektif ekonomi islam bisnis Youtube tersebut tidak memenuhi lima indikator pemerataan ekonomi berdasarkan teori Umer Chapra. Kata Kunci : Ekonomi Islam; Pemerataan; Youtube; Tapen