RITUEL INTERAKTION OG ILLUSION: En relationel tilgang

Tidsskriftet Antropologi ◽

10.7146/ta.v0i41.107472 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Houseman ◽

Carlo Severi

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

New Guinea ◽

Ritual Action ◽

Inherent Nature ◽

Semantic Properties

By providing an explicitly formal account of three ethnographic examples – the Naven rite of the Iatmul (Papua New Guinea), Amerindian shamanism as illustrated by the Kuna (Panama), and African male initiation among the Wagania (Democratic Republic of Congo) – the authors outline a “relational” approach to the analysis of ritual action. They suggest that the illusion implied by the effectiveness of ritual action derives not from the inherent nature of the items of behaviour involved, but from the particular kind of internal consistency that is imposed by the interactive context in which they occur. Thus, the singular realities constructed through ritual performances are built up and sustained, neither by their functional or semantic properties nor by their syntactic features (for example repetition or fragmentation), nor by qualities depending on pragmatic considerations (performativity, staging procedures, etc.). Rather, they are constructed primarily by the establishment of a particular type of relational configuration.

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383Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is effective against hypoxic pneumonia in Laos, Mongolia and Papua New Guinea

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Cattram Nguyen ◽

Rupert Weaver ◽

Christopher Blyth ◽

Claire von Mollendorf ◽

Kate Britton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Observational Study ◽

Multiple Imputation ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

New Guinea ◽

Oxygen Supplementation ◽

Inverse Probability ◽

Novel Approach

Abstract Background We describe a novel approach to determine PCV13 effectiveness (VE) against hypoxic pneumonia in children admitted with pneumonia in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos), Mongolia and Papua New Guinea (PNG). Methods A 3-5 year prospective hospital-based observational study of children < =59 months admitted with pneumonia was undertaken. Pneumonia was defined using the 2013 WHO definition. Hypoxia was defined as an oxygen saturation <90% in room air or requiring oxygen supplementation during hospitalisation. PCV13 status was determined by written record. VE was calculated using logistic regression comparing the odds of hypoxia between vaccinated and under-vaccinated pneumonia cases. To handle potential confounding, a propensity score (PS) analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPW) was used. In Laos, multiple imputation (MI) analysis was undertaken for missing data. Results The VE against hypoxic pneumonia were: in Laos, unadjusted 23% (95% CI: -9, 46%; p = 0·14), IPW adjusted 37% (6, 57%; p = 0.02), MI and IPW adjusted 35% (7, 55%; p = 0.02); in Mongolia, unadjusted 33% (26, 40%; p < 0.001), IPW adjusted 33% (16, 47%; p < 0.001); and in PNG, unadjusted 6% (-15, 24%; p = 0.53), IPW adjusted 36% (17, 51%; p = 0.001). Conclusions Our novel approach shows that PCV13 is effective against hypoxic pneumonia. PCV13 will contribute to reducing child mortality. Key messages We describe a novel, single hospital-based approach for determining VE that can be applied to other similar settings. This is one of the first studies showing PCV13 to be effective against hypoxic pneumonia in children in Asia.

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Introduction

Names are Thicker than Blood ◽

10.5871/bacad/9780197264454.003.0001 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Moutu

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Social Relations ◽

New Guinea ◽

Vantage Point ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

Personal Names ◽

Ritual Action ◽

Sepik River

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to present an ethnographic study of the nature of personhood, name and marriage systems, gender, kinship, and concomitant issues of ownership — all of which provide a vantage point to rethink the anthropological presumption of social relations. The book looks into the modes and behaviour of ownership as it is instantiated through items of cultural heritage, ritual action, and a system of personal names in Kanganamun, an Iatmul-speaking village on the Sepik River in Papua New Guinea.

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