Organizing geographic information: The creation of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure

Over the last 25 years, the potential benefits of sharing and reusing geographic information for national development programs have led many countries to establish their own national spatial data infrastructure (NSDI). Indonesia is among the early adopters; however, despite its early introduction of NSDI concepts, the implementation has encountered some difficulties. The main objective of this study is to understand the evolution of NSDI development in Indonesia and then develop strategic directions for future implementation. We first characterized periods of current NSDI development based on the use of technology and identified problems that have occurred. To understand the problems’ causes, we conducted a stakeholder analysis utilizing questionnaire surveys. In addition, we analyzed cost components allocated for NSDI operation. The results showed that stakeholders’ low participation was caused by insufficient technological, financial, and human resources to manage geographic information. Subsequently, a strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats analysis was conducted to determine proposed directions of the institutional and technical aspects. This research provides the framework for analyzing NSDI evolution in one country—Indonesia. The proposed directions can be applied in other countries to ensure effective NSDI development and implementation.

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Opportunities for using the volunteered geographic information within the national spatial data infrastructure

Geodetski vestnik ◽

10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2019.02.199-212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (02) ◽

pp. 199-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mihaela Triglav Čekada ◽

Anka Lisec

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Volunteered Geographic Information ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Spatial Data Infrastructure ◽

Data Infrastructure

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From Print Formats to Digital

Integrating Geographic Information Systems into Library Services ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-726-3.ch005 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 114-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ardis Hanson ◽

Susan Jane Heron

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Renewable Resource ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Spatial Data Infrastructure ◽

Geospatial Data ◽

Data Interoperability ◽

Metadata Standard ◽

Data Infrastructure ◽

Automated Mapping ◽

Geographic Data

The preceding chapter discussed how geographic and cartographic materials are traditionally described in libraries. With the growth of geospatial data, new methods of description needed to be developed to allow users, often with very different information needs, to find and retrieve relevant resources across different platforms and software systems. Geographic information systems are designed to allow the management of large quantities of spatially referenced information about natural and man-made environments, covering areas such as public health, urban and regional planning, disaster response and recovery, environmental assessments, wetlands delineation, renewable resource management, automated mapping/facilities management, and national defense. Powerful computers, advanced network capacities, and enhanced, distributed GIS software allowed the growth of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). Established by Executive Order 12906 in April 1994, the NSDI assembles “technology, policies, standards, and human resources to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data for a variety of users nationwide” (Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2006a). The goal of the NSDI is to “reduce duplication of effort among agencies, improve quality and reduce costs related to geographic information, to make geographic data more accessible to the public, to increase the benefits of using available data, and to establish key partnerships with states, counties, cities, tribal nations, academia and the private sector to increase data availability” (Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2006b). However, the success of a national spatial data infrastructure depends on the development of a series of standards for that infrastructure. Infrastructure components encompass a variety of elements. Hardware and physical facilities store, process, and transmit information; software applications and software allow access, structure, and manipulation of information; and network standards and transmission codes facilitate interorganizational and cross-system communication (Hanson, 2006). When reviewing standards for geospatial data, one must look at standards for cartography, hardware and software, telecommunications, and information technology standards at national and international levels. Several thousand standards apply to computers, and this can be multiplied geometrically, if not exponentially, with the advent of network standards and integrated data formats. This chapter will address standards in geospatial data, interoperability and transferability, mark-up languages, and the development of the federal metadata standard for geospatial information.

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Geographic Information Systems to Spatial Data Infrastructure

10.1201/9780429505904 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ian Masser

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Geographic Information Systems ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Spatial Data Infrastructure ◽

Data Infrastructure

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The creation of a spatial data infrastructure in management of regions (exemplified by Irkutsk oblast)

Geography and Natural Resources ◽

10.1134/s1875372813020133 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 191-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

I. V. Bychkov ◽

V. M. Plyusnin ◽

G. M. Ruzhnikov ◽

R. K. Fedorov ◽

A. E. Khmel’nov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Spatial Data Infrastructure ◽

Irkutsk Oblast ◽

Data Infrastructure ◽

The Creation

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How to Improve the Social Utility Value of Geographic Information Systems for French Local Governments? A Delphi Study

Environment and Planning B Planning and Design ◽

10.1068/b12964 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 429-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Stéphane Roche ◽

Karine Sureau ◽

Claude Caron

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Delphi Study ◽

Local Governments ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Spatial Data Infrastructure ◽

Social Utility ◽

Utility Value ◽

Data Infrastructure ◽

The Social ◽

Public Data

Today, geographic information technologies (GITs) stand out as the unavoidable answers to the French local governments' new stakes. Yet, an important discrepancy has been noticed between the utility levels (in the qualitative sense) and the theoretical intrinsic potential of these technologies. The social utility value of GIT seems quite low compared with the quantitative level at which they are diffused. The authors focus on the ‘determination of value’, by considering the obstacles to the development of a spatial data infrastructure in the French context. From the results of a Delphi study, the authors bring to the fore the fact that the institutional and organisational barriers 0ack of a clear policy in matters of access and dissemination; cost of public data; absence of fully operational norms and standards; failure to raise the awareness of the potential users as a whole; etc) more than technical difficulties, are the prime causes of this phenomenon. Through this analysis, the authors emphasise the need to organise a French national spatial data infrastructure, strongly linked with most of the local initiatives developed by the local governments.

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Spatial Data Infrastructures in Morocco (From the Diagnosis to the Success of the Implementation)

Geospatial Technologies for Effective Land Governance - Advances in Geospatial Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5939-9.ch005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 64-81

Author(s):

Elmostaphi Elomari ◽

Hassan Rhinane

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Spatial Data Infrastructure ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Collection Management ◽

Data Systems ◽

Data Infrastructure ◽

Information Governance ◽

Data Infrastructures ◽

Current Context

A spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a platform for coordinating the exchange and sharing of spatial data between several producers or users of spatially referenced data. In Morocco, there is a massive production of spatial data and several generally public administrations are starting to feel the need for geographic information governance through a mechanism of exchange and management of data to optimize their efforts and avoid a redundant production. The purpose of this chapter is to draw up an inventory of the state of the art of geo-spatial data, systems, and tools existing in the central administrations in Morocco in relation with the collection, management, storage, and dissemination of geographical information. Through this study, it was found that the problem is more a question of global governance, and that the current context has assets for the establishment of a spatial data infrastructure in Morocco.

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Managing oceanographic data for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive in Spain supported by the Spatial Data Infrastructure of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) and the INSPIRE Directive

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21975 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gerardo Bruque ◽

Olvido Tello

Keyword(s):

Marine Environment ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Spatial Data Infrastructure ◽

Data Sets ◽

Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽

Data Infrastructure ◽

Continuous Evaluation ◽

Oceanographic Data ◽

Fish And Shellfish

In Europe, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) seeks to achieve a good environmental status of European marine waters and protect the resource base on which economic and social activities related to the sea depend. With this legislative tool the European Parliament recognizes the vital importance of the management of human activities that have an impact on the marine environment, integrating the concepts of environmental protection and sustainable use. MSFD establishes a monitoring program of different descriptors for continuous evaluation and periodic updating of the objectives. In Spain, the Ministry of Ecological Transition (MITECO) is responsible and coordinator of carrying out the MSFD, but it is the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) that performs the research and study of the different indicators and therefore the tasks of collecting oceanographic data. The Geographic Information Systems Unit of the IEO is responsible for storing, debugging and standardizing this data by including them in the IEO Spatial Data Infrastructure (IDEO). IDEO has useful and advanced tools to discover and manage the oceanographic, spatial or non-spatial data that the IEO manages. To facilitate access to IDEO, the IEO Geoportal was developed, which essentially contains a catalog of metadata and access to different IEO web services and data viewers. Some examples of priority dataset for the MSFD are: Species and Habitat distribution, commercially-exploited fish and shellfish species distribution, Nutrients, Chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, spatial extent of loss of seabed, Contaminants, litter, noise, etc. The correct preparation and harmonization of the mentioned data sets following the Implementing Rules adopted by the INSPIRE Directive is essential to ensure that the different Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) of the member states are compatible and interoperable in the community context. The INSPIRE Directive was born with the purpose of making relevant, concerted and quality geographic information available in a way that allows the formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the impact or territorial dimension policies of the European Union. The geographic data sets, together with their corresponding metadata, constitute the cartographic base on which the information collected for the update of the continuous evaluation of the different descriptors of the MSFD is structured. Thus, although these datasets are intended for use by public institutions responsible for decision-making on the management of the marine environment, they can also be very useful for a wide range of stakeholders and reused for multiple purposes. With all this in mind, the INSPIRE Directive is extremely interesting and essential for the tasks required for the MSFD. As with work on our projects related to the Marine Space Planning Directive (MSP).

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