AbstractIn this paper we initiate the oscillation theory for fractional differential equations. Oscillation criteria are obtained for a class of nonlinear fractional differential equations of the form $D_a^q x + f_1 (t,x) = v(t) + f_2 (t,x),\mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to a} J_a^{1 - q} x(t) = b_1 $, where D aq denotes the Riemann-Liouville differential operator of order q, 0 < q ≤ 1. The results are also stated when the Riemann-Liouville differential operator is replaced by Caputo’s differential operator.