scholarly journals Mental health Profiles of Sexually Abused Youth: Comorbidity, Resilience and Complex PTSD

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Alexane Alie-Poirier ◽  
Martine Hébert ◽  
Pierre McDuff ◽  
Isabelle Daigneault
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Latent Class Analyses ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objectives: The current study’s objectives were to 1) determine if sexually abused youth in child protective agencies (CPA) were given more psychiatric diagnoses and exhibited more comorbidity than youth from the general population, 2) examine the comorbidity profiles of sexually abused youth over 10 years of medical consultations and hospitalizations. Method: Diagnoses of 882 youth with a substantiated sexual abuse report between 2001 and 2010 at a participating CPA were compared to those of 882 matched controls (n = 1764). Results: Results of generalized linear mixed models showed that sexually abused youth presented higher rates of all diagnostic categories and were up to four times more likely to present comorbid diagnoses. Latent class analyses among abused youth revealed four different comorbidity profiles; two more severe groups named complex trauma (11%) and dissociation (14%); and two less severe groups named depression (10%) and low or no comorbidity/resilience (65%). Youth with more cumulative maltreatment and greater number of years of data following CSA report were more at risk of presenting a comorbidity profile, while females were more likely to present a depression profile. Profiles of youth in the highest comorbidity class were similar to what is defined as complex trauma or complex post-traumatic stress disorder. Implications: Sexually abused youth's varied profiles warrant varied interventions. Integrated trauma informed interventions are needed to address the cumulative maltreatment experienced and the psychiatric comorbidity some youth exhibit.

The assessment of developmental trauma in children and adolescents: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Denton ◽  
Catherine Frogley ◽  
Sue Jackson ◽  
Mary John ◽  
Dawn Querstret
Keyword(s):  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Developmental Trauma ◽  
Trauma Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Psychometric Data ◽  
General Functioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: The assessment of children and young people with history of complex developmental trauma presents a significant challenge to services. Traditional diagnostic categories such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are argued to be of limited value, and while the proposed ‘Developmental Trauma Disorder’ definition attempts to address this debate, associated assessment tools have yet to be developed. This review builds on a previous review of assessment measures, undertaken in 2005. Aim: To identify trauma assessment tools developed or evaluated since 2004 and determine which are developmentally appropriate for children or adolescents with histories of complex trauma. Method: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted with explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 35 papers were identified evaluating 29 measures assessing general functioning and mental health ( N = 10), PTSD ( N = 7) and trauma symptomatology outside, or in addition to, PTSD ( N = 11). Studies were evaluated on sample quality, trauma/adversity type, as well as demographic and psychometric data. Distinction was made between measures validated for children (0–12 years) and adolescents (12–18 years). Conclusion: Few instruments could be recommended for immediate use as many required further validation. The Assessment Checklist questionnaires, designed with a developmental and attachment focus, were the most promising tools.

Psychiatric Problems Following Bereavement by Murder or Manslaughter

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Murray Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Anxiety States ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Traumatic Stress Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Bereavement by murder or manslaughter is often associated with a high incidence of factors which increase the risk of lasting psychological problems after bereavement. In this study it appears that self-perpetuating vicious circles often accounted for the persistence of symptoms, which fitted the diagnostic categories of post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety states, panic syndromes, obsessive revenge-seeking, and depression. Therapeutic approaches should be aimed at interrupting these vicious circles and fostering the work of grieving.

scholarly journals Failure to Protect?: Applying the DRRI-2 Scales to Rwanda and Srebrenica

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mason
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Failure To Protect ◽  
Threat To Life

This article critically reanalyses the action, or lack of action, taken by UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Srebrenica in the 1990's. The lack of action of UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Bosnia has long been criticised as a conscious decision made by peacekeepers to not act in defence of those being targeted but instead to act as bystanders of genocide when they had the ability to prevent acts of genocide taking place. This article re-examines the actions of the UN command under Romeo Dallaire in Rwanda and Thom Karremans in Srebrenica, Bosnia in terms of the stress-related factors which influenced their decisions and actions. A modern risk assessment tool for Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder, the DRRI-2 Scales, developed by psychologists at the National Centre for PTSD in the United States, evaluates which stress-related factors make modern-day soldiers deployed to conflict zones susceptible or more resilient to developing PTSD. This article reveals that in four out of the six diagnostic categories analysed by the DRRI-2 Scales, that UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Srebrenica would have answered affirmatively to being exposed to a significant number of stressors outlined in the DRRI-2 Scales. This article challenges the reader to critically rethink the judgements that have been placed on peacekeeper's actions in Rwanda and Srebrenica based on this close analysis of their deployment environment, operational limitations and perceived threat to life. Given the multi-layered and persistent stress which these circumstances placed on peacekeepers, I ask what behaviour could have been reasonably expected of UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Bosnia?

Sexual Assault

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Verma ◽  
Celeste S Royce
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sexually Abusive ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
The Many

Sexual assault affects as many as one-third of women around the world. Sexual assault includes individual traumatic events as well as chronic sexually abusive relationships, and can involve a partner, acquaintance, or stranger. Many women who have experienced sexual assault develop long-term mental and physical effects of their sexual trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol abuse, and dyspareunia. OBGYNs are able to have long-lasting impacts on the many survivors of sexual assault by screening effectively and providing compassionate, trauma-informed care. This review contains 10 figures and 33 references. Keywords: human trafficking, intimate partner violence, primary care, rape, sexual assault, sexual violence, trauma-informed care, women

A Student-Directed Community Project to Support Sexually Abused Women Veterans Suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Marie Wing ◽  
Jayne R Oertle ◽  
Autumn R Cabioc ◽  
Carlissa M Evans ◽  
Dana J Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Women Veterans ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Community Project ◽  
Post Traumatic
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