Sexual Assault

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Verma ◽  
Celeste S Royce
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sexually Abusive ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
The Many

Sexual assault affects as many as one-third of women around the world. Sexual assault includes individual traumatic events as well as chronic sexually abusive relationships, and can involve a partner, acquaintance, or stranger. Many women who have experienced sexual assault develop long-term mental and physical effects of their sexual trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol abuse, and dyspareunia. OBGYNs are able to have long-lasting impacts on the many survivors of sexual assault by screening effectively and providing compassionate, trauma-informed care. This review contains 10 figures and 33 references. Keywords: human trafficking, intimate partner violence, primary care, rape, sexual assault, sexual violence, trauma-informed care, women

Human Trafficking

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Verma ◽  
Celeste S Royce
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
The Many ◽  
Modern Day Slavery

Human sex trafficking, often referred to as modern-day slavery, is a major global human rights problem with at least 4.5 million people trafficked for commercial sex annually. Many of these women interface with the medical system regularly, often in women’s health clinics and the emergency departments. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to be able to identify red flags for human trafficking, to be able to screen effectively, and to know how to connect patients with resources in the community. It is also important for healthcare providers to be aware of the many long-term health effects related to sexual trauma that victims of human trafficking may develop. OBGYNs are able to have long-lasting impacts on the many survivors of human sex trafficking by screening effectively and providing compassionate, trauma-informed care. This review contains 4 figures, and 3 tables, and 40 references. Keywords:  Sexual assault, sexual violence, Intimate partner violence, Human trafficking, Rape, Trauma-informed care, Women, Primary Care, Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Long-Term Psychiatric Morbidity in the Aftermath of CS Spray Trauma

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Nathan ◽  
Harry Wood ◽  
Keith Rix ◽  
Eric Wright ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exposure To Trauma

The physical effects of CS spray are well documented. However, less is known about the impact of its use by the police on the psychological health of those exposed. In this study we explored the psychiatric morbidity of a group of 30 individuals who experienced the same trauma, a significant part of which was exposure to CS spray. Just over a quarter suffered post-traumatic stress disorder. It is proposed that more attention needs to be paid to the psychological effects of the use of CS spray by the police. Consistent with other studies, a past psychiatric history and a more external locus of control was associated with post-traumatic morbidity. The latter finding may have implications for psychological interventions after exposure to trauma.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ASSAULT AMONG OLDER PEOPLE WITH HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S549-S549
Author(s):  
Mark Brennan-Ing ◽  
Liz Seidel ◽  
Rebecca Erenrich ◽  
Stephen E Karpiak
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research finds high rates of childhood sexual assault (CSA) among people with HIV (PWH). CSA is related to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and poor health. PWH age 50 and older account for the majority of this population in the U.S., but we have little information on the impact of CSA on these older adults. Data were obtained from the San Francisco arm of the Research on Older Adults with HIV 2.0 study (n=197). Fifty percent reported CSA. Cisgender women and transgender people were more likely to report CSA compared to other groups. PWH reporting CSA were more likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD (42% vs. 27%), and had higher mean PHQ-9 depression scores (9.3 vs. 6.8). Those reporting CSA had significantly more comorbid health conditions compared to their peers. Implications for using a trauma-informed care model with older adults living with HIV will be discussed.

Post-traumatic Growth in Women With Histories of Addiction and Victimization Residing in a Sober Living Home

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199128
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Laura Siller ◽  
Sarah E. Ullman ◽  
Katherine D. M. Lee ◽  
Sharon B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Physical Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Post Traumatic

Research consistently documents the deleterious sequelae of interpersonal trauma, including domestic and sexual violence (DSV). More recently, however, researchers and practitioners have focused on positive outcomes, such as post-traumatic growth (PTG), in survivors of DSV. Although research has begun to document the prevalence and correlates of PTG, no study to our knowledge has explored PTG in a sample of women with histories of addiction and victimization residing in a trauma-informed sober living home (SLH). The purpose of the current study was to examine this gap in the literature. Participants were 59 women (89.8% White; 86.4% heterosexual; mean age = 41.6) who completed a survey while residing in a SLH. Most women reported moderate to high levels of PTG. At the bivariate level PTG was related to less depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and financial worries, and greater active coping, and sense of community. PTG was also related to the absence of past 6-month physical intimate partner violence. In regression analyses, PTG was related to less depression and greater sense of community. These data offer insights into modifiable factors such as fostering a sense of community while also promoting mental health treatment that could be the focus of interventions to increase PTG in women with histories of addiction and victimization residing in SLHs.

scholarly journals Interventions to treat post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) in vulnerably housed populations and trauma-informed care: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Bennett ◽  
Kien Crosse ◽  
Michael Ku ◽  
Nicole E Edgar ◽  
Amanda Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
High Staff Turnover ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Emotional Safety

Objectives: The goals of this study are to identify and analyse interventions that aim to treat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in individuals who are vulnerably housed and to describe how these treatments have been delivered using trauma-informed care. Design: Scoping review Search strategy: We searched electronic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PTSDpubs for published literature up to March 2020 for any studies that examined the treatment of PTSD in adults who were vulnerably housed. Websites of relevant organizations and other grey literature sources were searched to supplement the electronic database search. The characteristics and effect of the interventions were analyzed. We also explored how the interventions were delivered and the elements of trauma-informed care that were described. Results: 26 studies were included. We identified four types of interventions: (1) trauma focused psychotherapies; (2) non-trauma psychotherapies; (3) housing interventions; and (4) pharmacotherapies. The trauma-informed interventions were small case series and the non-trauma focused therapies included four randomized controlled trials, were generally ineffective. Of the ten studies which described trauma-informed care the most commonly named elements were physical and emotional safety, the experience of feeling heard and understood, and flexibility of choice. The literature also commented on the difficulty of providing care to this population including lack of private space to deliver therapy; the co-occurrence of substance use; and barriers to follow-up including limited length of stay in different shelters and high staff turnover. Conclusions: This scoping review identified a lack of high-quality trials to address PTSD in the vulnerably housed. There is a need to conduct well designed trials that take into account the unique setting of this population and which describe those elements of trauma-informed care that are most important and necessary.

scholarly journals Collective Trauma and Mental Health in Adolescents: A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Effects of Retraumatization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Pazderka ◽  
Matthew R. G. Brown ◽  
Vincent I. O. Agyapong ◽  
Andrew James Greenshaw ◽  
Caroline Beth McDonald-Harker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma History ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Informed Treatment ◽  
The Impact

In the wake of the massive Canadian wildfire of May 2016 in the area of Fort McMurray Alberta, we observed increased rates of mental health problems, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in school-aged adolescents (ages 11–19). Surprisingly, we did not see these rates decline over the 3.5-year follow-up period. Additionally, our research suggested that the impact of this mass incident resulted in other unanticipated effects, including the finding that children who were not present for and relatively unaffected by the wildfire showed a similar PTSD symptom profile to children more directly involved, suggesting some degree of spillover or stress contagion. A potential explanation for these high rates in individuals who were not present could be undiagnosed retraumatization in some of the students. To investigate this possibility, we compared two groups of students: those who reported the wildfire as their most significant trauma (n = 740) and those who had their most significant trauma prior to the wildfire (n = 295). Those with significant pre-existing trauma had significantly higher rates of both depression and PTSD symptoms, although, unexpectedly the groups exhibited no differences in anxiety level. Taken together, this evidence suggests retraumatization is both longer-lasting and more widespread than might be predicted on a case-by-case basis, suggesting the need to reconceptualize the role of past trauma history in present symptomatology. These findings point to the need to recognize that crises instigated by natural disasters are mass phenomena which expose those involved to numerous unanticipated risks. New trauma-informed treatment approaches are required that incorporate sensitivity to the collective impact of mass crises, and recognize the risk of poorer long-term mental health outcomes for those who experienced trauma in the past.

Sexual Assault Survivors’ Reactions to a Thought Suppression Paradigm

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy M. Rabenhorst
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sexual Assault Survivors ◽  
Sensitive Topics ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Assault Survivors

Trauma survivors may experience harm from participating in research on sensitive topics. The current study assessed reactions of sexual assault survivors with and without symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) immediately following an experimental thought suppression task and at a 2- to 4-week follow-up period, by asking open-ended questions regarding thoughts about the experiment, feelings following the experiment, and willingness to participate in similar experiments. At both time periods, most participants reported neutral/positive thoughts (e.g., “interesting”) and feelings (e.g., “fine, good”) and indicated that they would participate in a similar study. Findings suggest that the majority of sexual assault survivors were not harmed in the short- or long-term by participation in a thought suppression paradigm in which the target of suppression/expression was their own trauma.

Trauma-Informed Care

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Wilson ◽  
Donna M. Pence ◽  
Lisa Conradi
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Trauma Treatment ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Post Traumatic

The concepts of trauma and trauma-informed care have evolved greatly over the past 30 years. Following the Vietnam War, professional understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increased. The greater understanding of trauma and its effects on war veterans has extended to informing our comprehension of trauma in the civilian world and with children and families who have experienced abuse, neglect, and other traumatic events. This elevated insight has led to the development of evidence-based models of trauma treatment along with changes in organizational policies and practices designed to facilitate resilience and recovery. This paper highlights the concept of trauma-informed care by providing an overview of trauma and its effects, then providing a comprehensive description of our understanding of trauma-informed care across child- and family-serving systems.

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