scholarly journals L’influence des normes d’établissement dans la socialisation professionnelle des enseignants

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-35
Author(s):  
Agnès van Zanten
Keyword(s):  
Milieu Urbain

L’objectif de ce texte est de dégager quels sont les différents éléments à l’oeuvre dans la socialisation professionnelle des enseignants in situ en France et le type de régulation dont ils relèvent. Il analyse les perspectives des professeurs du secondaire qui font une partie tout au moins de leur carrière dans des collèges périphériques réputés « difficiles ». L’hypothèse sous-jacente est que, dans ces établissements, l’écart très important entre la conception dominante du rôle et les conditions réelles d’exercice du métier renforce l’importance d’une socialisation secondaire susceptible d’engendrer de profondes révisions identitaires. L’établissement est donc conçu comme un cadre central dans l’émergence de normes professionnelles contextualisées en milieu urbain défavorisé. L’analyse montre l’importance d’une régulation autonome qui repose largement sur une interaction avec les élèves, médiatisée par la prise en compte du point de vue et des façons de faire des collègues insérés de longue date dans l’établissement, ainsi que d’une régulation contrainte impulsée par des enseignants plus jeunes et par les chefs d’établissement. Mais elle laisse aussi entrevoir qu’aucun de ces modes de régulation ne s’avère en mesure de réduire la situation de dépendance des établissements de la périphérie.

scholarly journals Sorcellerie en milieu urbain amplifieé par les pentecôtismes camerounais

Afrika Focus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Sariette Batibonak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Milieu Urbain ◽  
Urban Problem ◽  
Active Observation ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
Religious Systems ◽  
The City

Once considered as a “rural” phenomenon, issues pertaining to the occult have, at the height of globalization, become an “urban” problem. Witchcraft is particularly invoked to designate success; to provide information on individual and collective misfortunes, justifying battles against fetishes, misfortune, bad genies and all kinds of evil spirits leading to poverty, unemployment, bad luck or (a state of) being possessed. Increasingly since the nineties, the city has become the stage for Pentecostal effervescence. Preacher-healers have settled predominately in urban areas and play a crucial role in the reconstruction of sorcery’s collective imagery, updating magical-religious systems of reference; rehabilitating exorcism and devotion in matters of deliverance. Religious and magical justifications have become regular features of urban acts and behaviours. In this context, witchcraft distinguishes itself as a response to urban life and could even be one of its founding elements. What are its urban markers? How does it express itself in contemporary urban life? Using an in situ approach, active observation and semi-structured interviews – this research examines, from an ethnographical perspective, urban witchcraft as amplified by a Pentecostal discourse vector of anti-witchcraft violence.

scholarly journals Sorcellerie en milieu urbain amplifiée par les pentecôtismes camerounais

Afrika Focus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sariette Batibonak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Milieu Urbain ◽  
Urban Problem ◽  
Active Observation ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
Religious Systems ◽  
The City

Once considered as a "rural" phenomenon, issues pertaining to the occult have, at the height of globalization, become an "urban" problem. Witchcraft is particularly invoked to designate suc- cess; to provide information on individual and collective misfortunes, justifying battles against fetishes, misfortune, bad genies and all kinds of evil spirits leading to poverty, unemployment, bad luck or (a state of ) being possessed. Increasingly since the nineties, the city has become the stage for Pentecostal effervescence. Preacher-healers have settled predominately in urban areas and play a crucial role in the reconstruction of sorcery's collective imagery, updating magical- religious systems of reference; rehabilitating exorcism and devotion in matters of deliverance. Religious and magical justi cations have become regular features of urban acts and behaviours. In this context, witchcraft distinguishes itself as a response to urban life and could even be one of its founding elements. What are its urban markers? How does it express itself in contemporary urban life? Using an in situ approach, active observation and semi-structured interviews – this research examines, from an ethnographical perspective, urban witchcraft as ampli ed by a Pente- costal discourse vector of anti-witchcraft violence. Key words: witchcraft, Pentecostalism, urban, occultism, churches 

Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Total Impulse ◽  
Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Structural Studies on Mitotic Spindle Fibres

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
J.R. Mcintosh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Medical Interest ◽  
Spindle Fibres

The mitotic apparatus is a structure of obvious biological and medical interest, but it has proved to be a difficult cellular machine to understand. The chemical composition of the spindle is only slightly elucidated, largely because of the difficulties in preparing useful isolates of the structure. Chemical studies of the mitotic spindle have been reviewed elsewhere (Mcintosh, 1977), and will not be discussed further here. One would think that structural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) in situ would be straightforward, but even with this approach there is some disagreement in the results obtained with various methods and by different investigators. In this paper I will review briefly the approaches which have been used in structural studies of the MA, pointing out the strengths and problems of each approach. I will summarize the principal findings of the different methods, and identify what seem to be fruitful avenues for further work.

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