« Bourrage de crânes » et « slogans qui éternisent le mensonge » : les écrivains anarchistes face à la propagande

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Vittorio Frigerio
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fake News ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Press ◽  
First World

The French anarchist press positions itself from the beginning as the purveyor of honest and objective information, as opposed to the mainstream bourgeois newspapers, close to political power, who tailor their news to the needs of propaganda. This article offers an analysis of the role of the press as a vehicle for fake news from the point of view of anarchist writers and journalists, starting with Proudhon’s own newspapers (1848-1850), but focusing most of all on the polemics around the “bourrage de crânes" (brainwashing of the public) during the First World War. This through the writings of two of the most active writers of the individualist branch of the anarchist movement, Manuel Devaldès and Gérard de Lacaze-Duthiers, and their critique of language and the use of tropes, clichés and slogans for propaganda purposes.

Image at War

Vulcan ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Siotto
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Press ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
First World ◽  
At Home

The press was well accustomed to utilizing illustrations and photographs at the start of the First World War. This widespread use of images helped the people at home to better understand a war that differed enormously from previous conflicts. Images became a powerful instrument of propaganda, but also retained their usual function in entertaining and educating the reader. In this regard, technology offered new challenges and opportunities to the press in that the novelties of warfare had to be described to the public at home and images offered immediacy and clarity, and at the same time the new weapons’ marvel, even if terrifying, caught the attention and curiosity of the reader and “sold” magazines. The ample use of illustrations and photographs depicting technology in the magazines suggests how important the role of the press was in influencing both how the public understood the events on the frontline and how difficult it was for them to comprehend the new technological warfare.

scholarly journals Pozycja i rola wojewody w systemie decydowania publicznego w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1919–1928 w kontekście tworzenia struktur administracji terytorialnej

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Kamil Mroczka
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Model ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
First World

The position and the role of the province governor in the system of public deciding in the period of the Second Polish Republic in the years 1919–1928 in the context of creating structures of the territorial administration The aim of the article is to analyze the position and role of the voivode in the public decision-making process of the Second Polish Republic, in the context of creating administrative structures. This is an important issue due to the spectacular and impressive rate of development of the political model of the territorial admini­stration in Poland after the First World War.

scholarly journals The Press Bureau, ‘D’ Notices, and Official Control of the British Press's Record of the First World War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
David Monger
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Official Control ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Manipulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

Abstract Concerns about fake news and media manipulation are commonplace in contemporary society, and, throughout the twentieth century, historians regularly presented the First World War as an era of manipulated public messages. Yet, despite broad statements about the impact of press censorship in First World War Britain, publication of an official history of the ‘D’ notice system, and growing revision of historical understanding of the interaction between the state, the press, propaganda, and the public during the war, no thorough assessment of the content of the D notices issued by the Press Bureau to newspaper editors has been undertaken. This article provides a thorough analysis of the more than seven hundred notices issued during the war years. While drawing attention to several exceptions which exceeded plausible claims of a threat to security, it argues that most notices genuinely sought to protect potentially dangerous information and that casual assumptions about misleading state press management are not borne out by a close reading of the actual notices issued.

Sinking Feelings: Representing and Resisting theTitanicDisaster in Britain, 1914–ca.1960

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wells
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Press ◽  
First World

AbstractThe apparent lack of representations of theTitanicdisaster in Britain between the start of the First World War and the end of the 1950s was due, not to a lack of interest, but to active resistance to such representations. Shipping interests, the press, government, and the public all opposed portrayals of the catastrophe, but their opposition depended much on the medium by which the sinking was to be represented, on the broader international context, and on the nature and status of individual memories of the events of 1912. Questions of fact, fiction, national prestige, and the ethics of representation dominated the first half century of theTitanic's cultural history in the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals Problematyka odbudowy miast w polskim dyskursie prasowym lat pierwszej wojny światowej i wojny polsko-bolszewickiej

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Śmiechowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Country House ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Press ◽  
Architectural Model ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First World

The subject of this article is the discussion about the rebuilding of cities in the press of the Kingdom of Poland during the First World War and the Polish-Bolshevik war. This almost eight-year period was characterized by the constant appearance of reflection on the devastation of war and the necessity of rebuilding and reforming of Polish cities. In the public discourse of those times, there were some recurring themes that should be considered a testimony to the importance of this problem for contemporary people, but also to the modernizing nature of their dilemmas and comments at the time. The most important of them is the nationalist tone of the writers combined with the conviction that it is necessary to develop a new architectural model of the Polish city. This period was, therefore, a subsoil for the development of the “country house style”, so characteristic of the public architecture of the Interwar Poland.

The role of nitrogen in transforming British agricultural productivity production prior to and during the First World War

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-609
Author(s):  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
War Effort ◽  
First World

This paper explores the reasons why artificial or mineral sources of nitrogen, which were more readily available in Britain than in other European countries, were only slowly adopted by farmers in the decades prior to and during the First World War. It considers why nitrogen in the form of sulphate of ammonia, a by-product of coal-gas (town-gas) manufacture, was increasingly exported from Britain for use by German farmers. At the same time Britain was attempting to monopolise foreign supplies of Chilean nitrate, which was not only a valuable source of fertiliser for agriculture but also an essential ingredient of munitions production. The article also investigates the reasons why sulphate of ammonia was not more widely used to raise agricultural production during the First World War, at a time when food shortages posed a major threat to public morale and commitment to the war effort.

End of War or End of State? 1918 in the Public Memories of Post-Communist Croatia and Serbia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Tea Sindbæk Andersen ◽  
Ismar Dedović
Keyword(s):  
Public Memory ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
First World War ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
War Memory ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Abstract This article investigates the role of 1918, the end of the First World War, and the establishment of the Yugoslav state in public memories of post-communist Croatia and Serbia. Analysing history schoolbooks within the context of major works of history and public discussion, the authors trace the developments of public memory of the end of the war and 1918. Drawing on the concepts of public memory and historical narrative, the authors focus on the ways in which history textbooks create historical narratives and on the types of lessons from the past that can be extracted from these narratives. While Serbia and Croatia have rather different patterns of First World War memory, the authors argue that both states have abandoned the Yugoslav communist narrative and now publicly commemorate 1918 as a loss of national statehood. This is somehow paradoxical, since the establishment of the South Slav State in 1918 was supposedly an outcome of the Wilsonian principle of national self-determination. In Serbia, the story of loss is packed in a fatalistic narrative of heroism and victimhood, while in Croatia the story of loss is embedded in a tale of necessary evils, which nevertheless had a positive outcome in a sovereign Croatian state.

scholarly journals The Local versus the Global in the history of relativity: The case of Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-250
Author(s):  
Sjang L. ten Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
First World War ◽  
Global History ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

ArgumentThis article contributes to a global history of relativity, by exploring how Einstein’s theory was appropriated in Belgium. This may sound like a contradiction in terms, yet the early-twentieth-century Belgian context, because of its cultural diversity and reflectiveness of global conditions (the principal example being the First World War), proves well-suited to expose transnational flows and patterns in the global history of relativity. The attempts of Belgian physicist Théophile de Donder to contribute to relativity physics during the 1910s and 1920s illustrate the role of the war in shaping the transnational networks through which relativity circulated. The local attitudes of conservative Belgian Catholic scientists and philosophers, who denied that relativity was philosophically significant, exemplify a global pattern: while critics of relativity feared to become marginalized by the scientific, political, and cultural revolutions that Einstein and his theory were taken to represent, supporters sympathized with these revolutions.

scholarly journals Religion and Reform in the City: The Re-Thinking Chicago Movement of the 1930s

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-337
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Era ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Machines ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Leaders ◽  
First World ◽  
Urban Civilization

Historians have produced a rich and sophisticated literature on urban reform in the progressive era before the First World War. It includes numerous studies of individual cities, biographies of urban leaders, and analyses of particular movements and organizations. This literature illuminates important variations among reformers and their achievements, the relationships between urban growth and reform, and the functional role of the old-style political machines against which progressives battled. Similarly, there are many examinations of progressive-era reformers' ideas about and attitudes toward the burgeoning industrial cities that had come into being with disquieting rapidity during their own lifetimes. Some of these works go well beyond the controversial conclusions of Morton and Lucia White in The Intellectual Versus the City (1964) to find more complex—and sometimes more positive—assessments of the new urban civilization.

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