Genetic diversity evaluation of <I>Quercus serrata</I> population in Saitama Pref. for revegetation technology with consideration for genetic resource conservation in region

The genetic diversity among Canadienne, Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Jersey cattle was estimated from relationships determined by genotyping 20 distantly related animals in each breed for 15 microsatellites located on separate chromosomes. The Canadienne, Holstein, and Jersey cattle had an average of six alleles per loci compared with five alleles for Brown Swiss. Furthermore, a number of potentially breed-specific alleles were identified. The allele size variance among breeds was similar, but varied considerably among loci. All of the loci studied were equally heterozygous, as were Brown Swiss, Canadienne, and Holstein cattle (0.680.69) whereas Jersey cattle showed lower heterozygosity (0.59). The within-breed estimates of genetic distance were greater than zero and significant. The genetic distance between Canadienne and Holstein (0.156), Brown Swiss (0.243), and Jersey (0.235) was negligible, suggesting close relationship. Concurrently, Brown Swiss and Holstein (0.211) cattle also demonstrated close relationship. In contrast, the Jersey breed was genetically distant from the Brown Swiss and Holstein cattle (0.427 and 0.320, respectively). The characterization of Canadienne cattle, as part of the genetic resource conservation effort currently underway in Canada, underscores the difficulty in scientifically establishing unique breeds. Therefore, the need to consider all relevant morphological characteristics and production performance in combination with available cultural, historical, pedigree, and molecular information becomes relevant when identifying breeds for conservation.Key words: genetic distance, microsatellites, cattle, genetic resource conservation.

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Implications for in situ genetic resource conservation from the ecogeographical distribution of rice genetic diversity in Maritime Guinea

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262107390898 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 45-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. B. Barry ◽

J. L. Pham ◽

J. L. Noyer ◽

B. Courtois ◽

C. Billot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Genetic Resource ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Allelic Diversity ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Resource Conservation ◽

Asian Rice ◽

Genetic Resource Conservation

Genetic resource conservation is widely acknowledged as important. The implementation of conservation requires an insight into the distribution of genetic diversity at the scale of small regions or villages. We present an analysis of rice diversity at such a scale, in a region where traditional farming still prevails. Regional allelic diversity was comparable to that noted worldwide for Asian rice (Oryza sativa), but not as high for African rice (O. glaberrima). Each village pooled more than half of the regional allelic diversity. Genetic differentiation between varieties from the same village accounted for 70% of the regional variation. The differentiation associated with lowland and upland rice-growing ecosystems was 23%, while that associated with differences between villages within the same ecosystem was 7%. In the upland ecosystem, geographical distance had a significant effect on theFSTbetween pairs of villages. In the lowland ecosystem, differences in soil salinity between villages affectedFST. Genetic diversity within a single village may have up to three components: an ancientglaberrimacomponent shared with neighbouring or ethnically related villages; a relatively ancientsativacomponent which was hardly or no longer shared with other villages due to local differentiation; and a recently introducedsativacomponent shared with other villages. Genetic resource conservation could be achieved, in terms of allelic diversity, through stratified sampling according to described genetic differentiation factors, whereas current farming systems must be preserved to ensure conservation of the diversity of allelic associations.

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Genetic diversity and population structure of Vernonia [Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less] populations from Ethiopia revealed by SSR markers

10.21203/rs.2.18928/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alemneh Mideksa Egu ◽

Kassahun Tesfaye ◽

Kifle Dagne ◽

Xuebo Hu

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Genetic Resource ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Resource Conservation ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Vernonia Galamensis ◽

Genetic Resource Conservation

Abstract Background: Vernonia (Vernonia galamensis) is a potential novel industrial crop due to high demand for its natural epoxidized oil, which can be used for the manufacturing of oleochemicals such as paints, plastic formulations (polyvinyl chloride), and pharmaceutical products. Assessment of the extent of genetic diversity in V. galamensis was the first and the most step in cultivation, breeding and genetic resource conservation. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of this plant from different agro-ecologies in Ethiopia using SSR markers. Results: Twenty SSR markers were used for genetic diversity analyses of 150 individual V. galamensis accessions representing 10 populations, from which a total of 79 bands were identified for the 20 loci. All the loci used showed high polymorphism that ranged from 0.50 to 0.96, while the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.15 across all the 20 markers evaluated. The molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) showed significant variations among populations which accounted for 11% of the variations. Populations clustering showed that the dendrogram and principal coordinate’s analysis roughly classified the accessions into four groups. However, the Bayesian model-based clustering (STRUCTURE) grouped into 6 (K = 6) major gene pools. Since, the cluster and the STRUCTURE analyses did not group the populations into sharply distinct clusters, due to presence of gene flow and mode of reproduction of the plant. Conclusions: The SSR molecular markers used in this study are highly polymorphic. Among the ten populations, East Showa and East Hararghe revealed higher genetic diversity, signaled that these areas are the hotspots for in-situ conservation of V. galamensis. In addition, the values of SSR markers such as heterozygosity, Shannon‘s index, polymorphic information content, and population clusters are important baseline information for future V. galamensis cultivation, breeding and genetic resource conservation endeavors in Ethiopia.

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Social Valuation of Genebank Activities: Assessing Public Demand for Genetic Resource Conservation in the Czech Republic

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10113997 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3997 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nicholas Tyack ◽

Milan Ščasný

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resource ◽

Choice Model ◽

Resource Conservation ◽

Past Century ◽

Welfare Benefits ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

Contingent Valuation Survey ◽

Genetic Resource Conservation ◽

Using Data ◽

South Moravia

The use of diverse genetic resources to breed improved crop varieties has been a key driver of agricultural productivity improvements in the past century. At the same time, the adoption of modern varieties has contributed to substantial loss of traditional varieties. In this analysis, we estimate the social value provided by several proposed crop diversity conservation programs to be carried out by the Czech genebank system. We use a double-bounded dichotomous choice model to estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for conserving additional crop varieties in the genebank for ten years using data collected through an online contingent valuation survey administered to a sample representative of the general Czech population (1037 respondents) and a smaller sub-sample representative of the agricultural region of South Moravia (500 respondents). Mean WTP was found to be about $9 for both the Czech and S. Moravian sub-samples, corresponding to country-wide benefits of ~$68 million. These benefits increase by 6–7% for every ten varieties conserved, implying total welfare benefits of ~$84 million for a program conserving the maximum number of 35 additional crop varieties offered in the experiment. The study illustrates an empirical approach of potential value for policymakers responsible for determining funding levels for genetic resource conservation.

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