Mitochondrial DNA suggests recent origins in two coastal avian subspecies in northwestern North America

Genetic studies of subspecies endemic to Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia and the Alexander Archipelago of southeast Alaska have frequently found genetic corroboration for these phenotypically based taxa. Divergence and speciation are common among island populations of birds, and evidence suggests this region has fostered such divergence during previous glacial maxima. We examined genetic divergence in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of two coastal subspecies endemic to this region: sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus perobscurus) and great blue heron (Ardea herodias fannini). Genetic diversity in both species was remarkably low, with both coastal subspecies possessing only the most common haplotype found in continental populations. We found low but significant population divergence between A. s. perobscurus and continental populations of sharp-shinned hawks and no significant population divergence in the herons. The refugial history of the region suggests that these subspecies may have arisen relatively recently compared with other regional endemics for which genetic and phenotypic data both show divergence. Alternatively, species-wide selective sweeps of mtDNA prior to divergence may have rendered this genetic marker less useful for tracking that divergence.

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Mitochondrial DNA Suggests Recent Origins of Subspecies of the Sharp-shinned Hawk and Great Blue Heron Endemic to Coastal British Columbia and Southeast Alaska

Western Birds ◽

10.21199/wb49.1.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 47-61

Author(s):

Rebecca Cheek ◽

◽

Kyle Campbell ◽

Kevin Winker ◽

Robert Dickerman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Southeast Alaska ◽

Great Blue Heron ◽

Coastal British Columbia

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Molecular Systematics and Biogeography of Antillean Thrashers, Tremblers, and Mockingbirds (Aves: Mimidae)

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/118.1.35 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 35-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jeffrey S. Hunt ◽

Eldredge Bermingham ◽

Robert E. Ricklefs

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Strong Support ◽

Sequence Divergence ◽

The West ◽

Island Populations ◽

Mimus Polyglottos ◽

History Of ◽

Dumetella Carolinensis ◽

Phylogenetic Hypotheses

Abstract We constructed phylogenetic hypotheses for Greater and Lesser Antillean Mimidae, including five endemic species of tremblers and thrashers that represent the best plausible example of an avian radiation within the Lesser Antilles. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from analysis of 3,491 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and roughly 780 bp of the nuclear-encoded myoglobin gene. We used a subset of mtDNA gene sequences and pcrRFLP analysis to evaluate the phylogeographic relationships among individuals representing island populations of the Brown and Gray tremblers (Cinclocerthia ruficauda and C. gutturalis), Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus), Scaly-breasted Thrasher (Margarops fuscus), and Antillean and continental populations of the Tropical (Mimus gilvus) and Northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos). Phylogeographic analysis distinguished three strongly differentiated mtDNA clades among tremblers, as well as distinct southern (St. Lucia and Martinique) and northern (Dominica to Montserrat) mtDNA lineages of the Scaly-breasted Thrasher. Minor geographic subdivision was also observed between continental and Antillean populations of the Tropical Mockingbird. Phylogenetic analyses of species-level Mimidae relationships that are based on mtDNA and nuclear sequences provide strong support for the monophyly and Antillean origin of a clade that consists of the tremblers, Pearly-eyed Thrasher, and Scaly-breasted Thrasher, but reject the monophyly of the genus Margarops. Phylogenetic analysis cannot confirm the monophyly of all endemic Antillean mimids because of the apparently contemporaneous diversification of the Antillean White-breasted Thrasher (Ramphocinclus brachyurus) with the continental Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) and Black Catbird (Melanoptila glabrirostris). However, an insertion and a deletion in the myoglobin intron 2 sequence support grouping the West Indian thrashers and tremblers, from which we infer that the endemic Lesser Antillean mimids are an indigenous radiation. Assuming a constant mtDNA clock for the Mimidae, the splitting of the Northern and Tropical mockingbird lineages is roughly contemporaneous with the separation of the three trembler clades, as well as the two Scaly-breasted Thrasher clades. Application of a mitochondrial DNA clock ticking at 2% sequence divergence per million years (Ma), suggests that the history of the endemic thrasher and trembler lineage in the West Indies extends back about 4 Ma, and the three distinct clades of tremblers split about 2 Ma ago.

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Chromium and cobalt intoxication mimicking mitochondriopathy

Neurological Research and Practice ◽

10.1186/s42466-021-00141-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tim W. Rattay ◽

Torsten Kluba ◽

Ludger Schöls

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Wear Debris ◽

Hip Prosthesis ◽

Mitochondrial Cytopathy ◽

Whole Exome ◽

Metal On Metal ◽

Metal Wear ◽

History Of

AbstractA 53-year old male with a history of progressive visual impairment, hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, and weight loss was referred to the rare disease center due to the suspicion of mitochondrial cytopathy. In line with mitochondrial dysfunction, lactate in CSF was increased. Genetic testing by whole-exome sequencing and mitochondrial DNA did not reveal a likely cause. The case remained unsolved until he developed pain in his right hip, where he had received total hip arthroplasty 12 years earlier. An orthopedic evaluation revealed substantial shrinkage of the head of the hip prosthesis. Due to metal-on-metal wear, debris chromium and cobalt levels in serum were massively increased and significantly improved with multisystemic impairment after exchanging the defective implant.

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Evolutionary history of birds across southern Australia: structure, history and taxonomic implications of mitochondrial DNA diversity in an ecologically diverse suite of species

Emu - Austral Ornithology ◽

10.1071/mu14047 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 35-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Gaynor Dolman ◽

Leo Joseph

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Dna Diversity ◽

History Of ◽

Taxonomic Implications

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Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the shrimp genus Penaeus s.l. derived from mitochondrial DNA

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.015 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Shane Lavery ◽

T.Y Chan ◽

Y.K Tam ◽

K.H Chu

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

History Of

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Systematics and conservation of an endemic radiation of Accipiter hawks in the Caribbean islands

The Auk ◽

10.1093/ornithology/ukab041 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Therese A Catanach ◽

Matthew R Halley ◽

Julie M Allen ◽

Jeff A Johnson ◽

Russell Thorstrom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Bird Species ◽

Species Level ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Reciprocal Monophyly ◽

Island Populations ◽

Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽

Accipiter Striatus ◽

The Caribbean

Abstract More than one-third of the bird species found in the Caribbean are endemic to a set of neighboring islands or a single island. However, we have little knowledge of the evolutionary history of the Caribbean avifauna, and the lack of phylogenetic studies limits our understanding of the extent of endemism in the region. The Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) occurs widely across the Americas and includes 3 endemic Caribbean taxa: venator on Puerto Rico, striatus on Hispaniola, and fringilloides on Cuba. These island populations have undergone extreme declines presumably due to ecosystem changes caused by anthropogenic factors, as well as due to severe hurricanes. Sharp-shinned Hawks, in general, and Caribbean Sharp-shinned Hawks, in particular, have not been placed in a modern phylogenetic context. However, the island taxa have historically been presumed to have some ongoing gene flow with mainland populations. Here we sequenced ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions from 38 samples, focusing on Caribbean taxa. Using a combination of UCEs, mitochondrial genome sequences, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among Caribbean lineages and their relationships to mainland taxa. We found that Caribbean Sharp-shinned Hawks are reciprocally monophyletic in all datasets with regard to mainland populations and among island taxa (with no shared mtDNA haplotypes) and that divergence in the NADH dehydrogenase 2 gene (ND2) between these mainland and island groups averaged 1.83%. Furthermore, sparse non-negative matrix factorization (sNMF) analysis indicated that Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and mainland samples each form separate populations with limited admixture. We argue that our findings are consistent with the recognition of the 3 resident Caribbean populations as species-level taxa because nuclear and mitochondrial genetic data indicate reciprocal monophyly and have species-level divergences, there is no sharing of mitochondrial haplotypes among or between island taxa and those on the mainland; and they are diagnosable by plumage.

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Phenotypes in phylogeography: Species’ traits, environmental variation, and vertebrate diversification

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1602237113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (29) ◽

pp. 8041-8048 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Kelly R. Zamudio ◽

Rayna C. Bell ◽

Nicholas A. Mason

Keyword(s):

Species Traits ◽

Population Divergence ◽

Spatially Explicit ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Phenotypic Differentiation ◽

Phenotypic Differences ◽

New Methods ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Species Performance ◽

Intraspecific Phylogeography

Almost 30 y ago, the field of intraspecific phylogeography laid the foundation for spatially explicit and genealogically informed studies of population divergence. With new methods and markers, the focus in phylogeography shifted to previously unrecognized geographic genetic variation, thus reducing the attention paid to phenotypic variation in those same diverging lineages. Although phenotypic differences among lineages once provided the main data for studies of evolutionary change, the mechanisms shaping phenotypic differentiation and their integration with intraspecific genetic structure have been underexplored in phylogeographic studies. However, phenotypes are targets of selection and play important roles in species performance, recognition, and diversification. Here, we focus on three questions. First, how can phenotypes elucidate mechanisms underlying concordant or idiosyncratic responses of vertebrate species evolving in shared landscapes? Second, what mechanisms underlie the concordance or discordance of phenotypic and phylogeographic differentiation? Third, how can phylogeography contribute to our understanding of functional phenotypic evolution? We demonstrate that the integration of phenotypic data extends the reach of phylogeography to explain the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. Finally, we stress the importance of natural history collections as sources of high-quality phenotypic data that span temporal and spatial axes.

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