scholarly journals The European and Japanese outbreaks of H5N8 derive from a single source population that has most likely been dispersed along the long distance bird migratory flyways

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Dalby ◽  
Munir Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
The Times ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks

The origin of recent parallel outbreaks of the high pathogenicity H5N8 avian flu virus in Europe and in Japan can be traced to a single source population, which has most likely been spread by migratory birds. By using Bayesian coalescence methods to analyze the DNA sequences of the virus to find the times for divergence and combining bird migration data we can show the most likely locations and migratory pathways involved in the origin of the current outbreak. This population was most likely located in the Siberian summer breeding grounds of long-range migratory birds. These breeding grounds provide a connection between different migratory flyways and explain the current outbreaks in remote locations. By combining genetic methods and epidemiological data we can rapidly identify the sources and the dispersion pathways for novel avian influenza outbreaks.

scholarly journals The European and Japanese outbreaks of H5N8 derive from a single source population that has most likely been dispersed along the long distance bird migratory flyways

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Dalby ◽  
Munir Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
The Times ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks

The origin of recent parallel outbreaks of the high pathogenicity H5N8 avian flu virus in Europe and in Japan can be traced to a single source population, which has most likely been spread by migratory birds. By using Bayesian coalescence methods to analyze the DNA sequences of the virus to find the times for divergence and combining bird migration data we can show the most likely locations and migratory pathways involved in the origin of the current outbreak. This population was most likely located in the Siberian summer breeding grounds of long-range migratory birds. These breeding grounds provide a connection between different migratory flyways and explain the current outbreaks in remote locations. By combining genetic methods and epidemiological data we can rapidly identify the sources and the dispersion pathways for novel avian influenza outbreaks.

scholarly journals Migratory Connectivity in Bicknell's Thrush: Locating Missing Populations With Hydrogen Isotopes

The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Hobson ◽  
Yves Aubry ◽  
Leonard I. Wassenaar
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Catharus Bicknelli ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Bicknell's Thrush ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract The measurement of the abundance of naturally occurring deuterium (δD) in feathers grown in North America can provide geographical information on location where the feather was grown. Previously, we used this technique to link populations of Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) breeding in northeastern North America (to 46°N) with wintering grounds in the Dominican Republic. That study indicated the presence of a subpopulation of wintering birds with more depleted feather δD values than those measured on their known breeding grounds. This suggested either a more northerly or a higher altitude breeding source population than previously measured. We located two populations of Bicknell's Thrush in Quebec, Canada, at Mine Madeleine (49°N) and at Mont Gosford (45°N). The Mine Madeleine birds had feather δD values overlapping those of the unidentified subpopulation found wintering in the Dominican Republic. At Mont Gosford, hatch-year birds were more depleted in their feather δD values than after-second-year birds suggesting their more northerly origins and capture during the early fall migration period. Our study demonstrates how the stable-isotope approach can be used to document connectivity between breeding and wintering populations of migratory birds. Conectividad Migratoria en Catharus bicknelli: Localización de Poblaciones Perdidas con Isótopos de Hidrógeno Resumen. La medición de la abundancia de deuterio en estado natural (δD) en las plumas formadas en América del Norte puede brindar información geográ fica sobre la localización en donde se formó la pluma. Anteriormente usamos esta técnica para relacionar las poblaciones de Catharus bicknelli que se reproducen en el noreste de América del Norte (hasta 46°N) con las áreas de invernada en República Dominicana. Ese estudio indicó la presencia de una subpoblación de aves invernantes con valores de δD en las plumas por debajo de los valores medidos de los sitios conocidos de cría. Esto sugirió la presencia de una población reproductiva proveedora de individuos localizada más al norte o a mayor elevación que las registradas anteriormente. Localizamos dos poblaciones de C. bicknelli en Québec, Canadá, una en Mine Madeleine (49°N) y otra en Mont Gosford (45°N). Las aves de Mine Madeleine tuvieron valores de δD en las plumas que se superpusieron con aquellos de la subpoblación no identificada encontrada invernando en República Dominicana. En Mont Gosford, las aves del primer año de edad presentaron valores más bajos de δD en las plumas que aquellos encontrados en aves del segundo año de edad o mayores, sugiriendo un origen más boreal y que fueron capturadas durante el inicio del período de migración otoñal. Nuestro estudio demuestra como el mé todo de isótopos estables puede ser usado para documentar conectividad entre poblaciones reproductivas e invernales de aves migratorias.

scholarly journals The effect of climate change on the duration of avian breeding seasons: a meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1867) ◽  
pp. 20171710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucyna Halupka ◽  
Konrad Halupka
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Ecological Flexibility ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Many bird species are advancing the timing of their egg-laying in response to a warming climate. Little is known, however, of whether this advancement affects the respective length of the breeding seasons. A meta-analysis of 65 long-term studies of 54 species from the Northern Hemisphere has revealed that within the last 45 years an average population has lengthened the season by 1.4 days per decade, which was independent from changes in mean laying dates. Multi-brooded birds have prolonged their seasons by 4 days per decade, while single-brooded have shortened by 2 days. Changes in season lengths covaried with local climate changes: warming was correlated with prolonged seasons in multi-brooded species, but not in single-brooders. This might be a result of higher ecological flexibility of multi-brooded birds, whereas single brooders may have problems with synchronizing their reproduction with the peak of food resources. Sedentary species and short-distance migrants prolonged their breeding seasons more than long-distance migrants, which probably cannot track conditions at their breeding grounds. We conclude that as long as climate warming continues without major changes in ecological conditions, multi-brooded or sedentary species will probably increase their reproductive output, while the opposite effect may occur in single-brooded or migratory birds.

scholarly journals Trace elements fingerprint of feathers differs between breeding and non-breeding areas in an Afro-Palearctic migratory bird, the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Parolini ◽  
Michela Sturini ◽  
Federica Maraschi ◽  
Antonella Profumo ◽  
Alessandra Costanzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Hirundo Rustica ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Barn Swallow ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Breeding Grounds

AbstractTrace elements are widespread contaminants that can potentially threaten ecosystems and human health. Considering their distribution and toxicity, monitoring their presence in animals represents a priority in environmental risk assessment. Migratory birds have been suggested to be useful biomonitors for trace elements because they can provide information on contaminants even from remote areas that they may exploit during their life cycle. The aim of this study was to analyse the contamination fingerprint of trace elements of African non-breeding staging grounds and European breeding areas in a long-distance migratory passerine bird, the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica). We collected feathers grown in the African non-breeding grounds and those grown in the breeding areas of Northern Italy and measured the levels of 12 trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) by DRC-ICP-MS. Multivariate analysis showed that elemental profiles of feathers grown in African non-breeding areas and in the Italian breeding ones clearly differed, with feathers grown in Africa showing higher concentrations of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni, but lower concentrations of As, Se and Zn, compared to those grown in Italy. In addition, levels of trace elements were age-dependent, with higher levels in older individuals than in younger ones. Our results add to the growing evidence that feathers of long-distance migratory birds are useful tools to monitor trace elements contamination profiles across continents.

scholarly journals Weather at the winter and stopover areas determines spring migration onset, progress, and advancements in Afro-Palearctic migrant birds

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 17056-17062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgen Haest ◽  
Ommo Hüppop ◽  
Franz Bairlein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Migration Phenology ◽  
Exogenous Factors

Climate change causes changes in the timing of life cycle events across all trophic groups. Spring phenology has mostly advanced, but large, unexplained, variations are present between and within species. Each spring, migratory birds travel tens to tens of thousands of kilometers from their wintering to their breeding grounds. For most populations, large uncertainties remain on their exact locations outside the breeding area, and the time spent there or during migration. Assessing climate (change) effects on avian migration phenology has consequently been difficult due to spatial and temporal uncertainties in the weather potentially affecting migration timing. Here, we show for six trans-Saharan long-distance migrants that weather at the wintering and stopover grounds almost entirely (∼80%) explains interannual variation in spring migration phenology. Importantly, our spatiotemporal approach also allows for the systematic exclusion of influences at other locations and times. While increased spring temperatures did contribute strongly to the observed spring migration advancements over the 55-y study period, improvements in wind conditions, especially in the Maghreb and Mediterranean, have allowed even stronger advancements. Flexibility in spring migration timing of long-distance migrants to exogenous factors has been consistently underestimated due to mismatches in space, scale, time, and weather variable type.

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