Guests and gatecrashers in a New World’s banquet: Old World plant species introduced from the Mediterranean Basin enriched the flora of grasslands and croplands in the Pampas of Argentina

This chapter examines the Spanish expansion into the Mediterranean basin during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as the monarchy sought to forge a multicontinental empire at the heart of the Old World. It talks about the fact that the early modern Spanish Empire is often thought of as an Atlantic empire, one that arose as a result of the Castilian colonies of the Caribbean and, later, the American mainland. It also provides a reminder that during the early decades of overseas expansion, Spain looked to the east as much as it did to the west. The chapter seeks to address historical discrepancies by analyzing arguments that fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Spaniards developed in order to justify acts of war and conquest in the context of the Mediterranean. It connects Spain's Mediterranean imperial project to its Atlantic corollary, reviewing the ways in which the Mediterranean experience sometimes informed and influenced Spanish arguments justifying war and conquest in the Americas.

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MERSİN İLİNİN SÜS BİTKİSİ POTANSİYELİ TAŞIYAN BAZI MONOKOTİL ENDEMİK BİTKİLERİ

Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural and Medical Sciences ◽

10.38065/euroasiaorg.583 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (16) ◽

pp. 68-78

Author(s):

Muhyettin ŞENTÜRK ◽

Rıza BİNZET

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Mediterranean Basin ◽

Economic Value ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

The World ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Mediterranean Basin

Humanity has used plants for aesthetic purposes for centuries. Plants nowadays use cities for more livable habitats and similar purposes to satisfy the longing for nature of people who move away from nature due to increasing urbanization. So that plants attract attention as a commercial field plays a crucial role in economic development for many countries today. Our country, which is one of the richest geographies in terms of biodiversity globally, shows a total of 11466 plant taxa, 3800 of which are endemic. While the total number of plant species in all of Europe is around 12.000, in our country there are approximately 10.000 species. When the species and subspecies identified in recent years are added, around 12,000 taxa find natural habitats in our country. Mersin province is one of the important endemism centers of our country, with approximately 400 endemic species (endemism rate is approximately 23%). It is seen that the areas where geophytes spread intensively in the world are regions where the Mediterranean climate prevails, which is humid and warm in winters and dry and hot in summers. The Mediterranean Basin, where our country is located, is the second richest geophyte region in the world. Mersin province is one of the provinces located in the Mediterranean Basin. Within the scope of this study, it is to determine the usability of endemic plant species that are naturally distributed in Mersin province as ornamental plants and to ensure that they gain economic value in the ornamental plant market. For this purpose, in our study, some monocotyledon taxa that have an ornamental plant potential from endemic plant taxa in Mersin have been determined, and photographs of these taxa are presented. The recommended taxa are geophyte taxa, and the fact that they only spread in our country (some only in Mersin) is of great importance in bringing these species into the landscape as ornamental plants. A total of 20 endemic taxa belonging to 5 different monocotyledon families identified in Mersin were determined. The endangered extinction of some of these taxa proposed as ornamental plants is also of great importance in ensuring their generation by bringing them into the landscape with various production techniques.

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Old World megadroughts and pluvials during the Common Era

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.1500561 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

pp. e1500561 ◽

Cited By ~ 206

Author(s):

Edward R. Cook ◽

Richard Seager ◽

Yochanan Kushnir ◽

Keith R. Briffa ◽

Ulf Büntgen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Basin ◽

Climate Model ◽

Internal Variability ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Old World ◽

The Common ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Common Era ◽

The Mediterranean Basin

Climate model projections suggest widespread drying in the Mediterranean Basin and wetting in Fennoscandia in the coming decades largely as a consequence of greenhouse gas forcing of climate. To place these and other “Old World” climate projections into historical perspective based on more complete estimates of natural hydroclimatic variability, we have developed the “Old World Drought Atlas” (OWDA), a set of year-to-year maps of tree-ring reconstructed summer wetness and dryness over Europe and the Mediterranean Basin during the Common Era. The OWDA matches historical accounts of severe drought and wetness with a spatial completeness not previously available. In addition, megadroughts reconstructed over north-central Europe in the 11th and mid-15th centuries reinforce other evidence from North America and Asia that droughts were more severe, extensive, and prolonged over Northern Hemisphere land areas before the 20th century, with an inadequate understanding of their causes. The OWDA provides new data to determine the causes of Old World drought and wetness and attribute past climate variability to forced and/or internal variability.

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First record of the bougainvillea mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus in Greece

ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA ◽

10.12681/eh.11523 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vasiliki Gkounti ◽

Panagiotis Milonas

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mediterranean Basin ◽

First Record ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Major Pest ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Mediterranean Basin

This is the first record of the Boungainvillea mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus in Greece. The mealybug originates from South America and in the last decade has invaded Europe and particularly the Mediterranean basin. It has become a major pest for various ornamental plant species. In Spain, it is found to be parasitized by the parasitoid Acerophagus n. sp. near coccois.

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