Effect of acute and chronic treatment of Cyclosporin A on liver and kidney functions in rats

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a budding infectious disease that has affected various countries globally. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of COVID-19 disease on liver and kidney functions and to determine their association with the severity and mortality of disease METHODS A total of 100 confirmed COVID-19 adult patients from Madinah city of Saudi Arabia hospitalized between April 28, and June 30, 2020 were included,and categorized into asymptomatic,mild to moderate and severely ill patients.We analyzed the clinical status of liver and renal functioning in all of the three groups. RESULTS The majority of patients (51%) were diagnosed with mild to moderate disease, 27% of patients were severely ill and 22% of patients were asymptomatic.The liver and renal functional analysis showed that the severity of the COVID-19 patients were significantly associated with the kidney and renal impairments exhibiting higher levels of ALT, AST, Creatinine, Urea levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in this study, a novel association is found between high Na and Cl levels with the severely ill COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS We concluded from the present study that a significant percentage of COVID-19 patients continued to have a normal liver and renal function during the course of their disease. Nevertheless, severely ill COVID-19 patients were more prone to have abnormal liver and renal functions. During the course of treatment, the patients had a gradual normalization of their liver and kidney parameters and subsequently achieved a complete normal liver and renal functions upon discharge with no mortality.

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Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on growth, carcass characteristics and liver and kidney functions of growing Egyptian geese

Poultry Science ◽

10.1016/j.psj.2021.101244 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101244

Author(s):

Mahmoud Alagawany ◽

Elwy Ali Ashour ◽

Mohamed Soliman El-Kholy ◽

Laila Ali Mohamed ◽

Mohamed Ezzat Abd El-Hack

Keyword(s):

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Calcium And Phosphorus ◽

Kidney Functions ◽

Phosphorus Levels

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Acute and chronic treatment with moclobemide, a reversible MAO-inhibitor, potentiates the antielectroshock activity of conventional antiepileptic drugs in mice

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 201 ◽

pp. 173110

Author(s):

Kinga K. Borowicz-Reutt ◽

Monika Banach

Keyword(s):

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Chronic Treatment ◽

Mao Inhibitor ◽

Acute And Chronic Treatment

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Effect of liraglutide on neural and peripheral markers of metabolic function during antipsychotic treatment in rats

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/0269881120981377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 284-302

Author(s):

Ilijana Babic ◽

Dominic Sellers ◽

Paul L Else ◽

Jessica Nealon ◽

Ashleigh L Osborne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Chronic Treatment ◽

Antipsychotic Treatment ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

Metabolic Side Effects ◽

Feeding Efficiency ◽

Adaptive Mechanisms ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Peripheral Markers

Background: Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that prevents metabolic side effects of the antipsychotic drugs (APDs) olanzapine and clozapine through unknown mechanisms. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic APD and liraglutide co-treatment on key neural and peripheral metabolic signals, and acute liraglutide co-treatment on clozapine-induced hyperglycaemia. Methods: In study 1, rats were administered olanzapine (2 mg/kg), clozapine (12 mg/kg), liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg), olanzapine + liraglutide co-treatment, clozapine + liraglutide co-treatment or vehicle for six weeks. Feeding efficiency was examined weekly. Examination of brain tissue (dorsal vagal complex (DVC) and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH)), plasma metabolic hormones and peripheral (liver and kidney) cellular metabolism and oxidative stress was conducted. In study 2, rats were administered a single dose of clozapine (12 mg/kg), liraglutide (0.4 mg/kg), clozapine + liraglutide co-treatment or vehicle. Glucose tolerance and plasma hormone levels were assessed. Results: Liraglutide co-treatment prevented the time-dependent increase in feeding efficiency caused by olanzapine, which plateaued by six weeks. There was no effect of chronic treatment on melanocortinergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic or endocannabionoid markers in the MBH or DVC. Peripheral hormones and cellular metabolic markers were unaltered by chronic APD treatment. Acute liraglutide co-treatment was unable to prevent clozapine-induced hyperglycaemia, but it did alter catecholamine levels. Conclusion: The unexpected lack of change to central and peripheral markers following chronic treatment, despite the presence of weight gain, may reflect adaptive mechanisms. Further studies examining alterations across different time points are required to continue to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the benefits of liraglutide on APD-induced metabolic side effects.

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