Heat Stress, Exercise, and Muscle Injury: Effects on Urate Metabolism and Renal Function

An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been observed in Central America among workers in the sugarcane fields. One hypothesis is that the CKD may be caused by recurrent heat stress and dehydration, and potentially by hyperuricemia. Accordingly, we developed a murine model of kidney injury associated with recurrent heat stress. In the current experiment, we tested whether treatment with allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reduces serum urate) provides renal protection against recurrent heat stress and dehydration. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to recurrent heat stress (39.5°C for 30 min, 7 times daily, for 5 wk) with or without allopurinol treatment and were compared with control animals with or without allopurinol treatment. Mice were allowed ad libitum access to normal laboratory chow (Harlan Teklad). Kidney histology, liver histology, and renal function were examined. Heat stress conferred both kidney and liver injury. Kidneys showed loss of proximal tubules, infiltration of monocyte/macrophages, and interstitial collagen deposition, while livers of heat-stressed mice displayed an increase in macrophages, collagen deposition, and myofibroblasts. Allopurinol provided significant protection and improved renal function in the heat-stressed mice. The renal protection was associated with reduction in intrarenal uric acid concentration and heat shock protein 70 expression. Heat stress-induced renal and liver injury can be protected with allopurinol treatment. We recommend a clinical trial of allopurinol for individuals developing renal injury in rural areas of Central America where the epidemic of chronic kidney disease is occurring.

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EFFECTS OF MUSCLE INJURY ON THERMOREGULATION DURING EXERCISE-HEAT STRESS.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-199805001-01606 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 282

Author(s):

S. J. Montain ◽

W. A. Latzka ◽

K. Spears ◽

M. N. Sawka

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Muscle Injury

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Impact of muscle injury and accompanying inflammatory response on thermoregulation during exercise in the heat

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1123 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 1123-1130 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Scott J. Montain ◽

William A. Latzka ◽

Michael N. Sawka

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Core Temperature ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Muscle Injury ◽

Treadmill Exercise ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Thermal Strain ◽

Upper Body ◽

Body Core Temperature

This study examined whether muscle injury and the accompanying inflammatory responses alter thermoregulation during subsequent exercise-heat stress. Sixteen subjects performed 50 min of treadmill exercise (45–50% maximal O2 consumption) in a hot room (40°C, 20% relative humidity) before and at select times after eccentric upper body (UBE) and/or eccentric lower body (LBE) exercise. In experiment 1, eight subjects performed treadmill exercise before and 6, 25, and 30 h after UBE and then 6, 25, and 30 h after LBE. In experiment 2, eight subjects performed treadmill exercise before and 2, 7, and 26 h after LBE only. UBE and LBE produced marked soreness and significantly elevated creatine kinase levels ( P < 0.05), but only LBE increased ( P < 0.05) interleukin-6 levels. In experiment 1, core temperatures before and during exercise-heat stress were similar for control and after UBE, but some evidence for higher core temperatures was found after LBE. In experiment 2, core temperatures during exercise-heat stress were 0.2–0.3°C ( P < 0.05) above control values at 2 and 7 h after LBE. The added thermal strain after LBE ( P < 0.05) was associated with higher metabolic rate ( r = 0.70 and 0.68 at 2 and 6–7 h, respectively) but was not related ( P > 0.05) to muscle soreness ( r = 0.47 at 6–7 h), plasma interleukin-6 ( r = 0.35 at 6–7 h), or peak creatine kinase levels ( r = 0.22). Local sweating responses (threshold core temperature and slope) were not altered by UBE or LBE. The results suggest that profuse muscle injury can increase body core temperature during exercise-heat stress and that the added heat storage cannot be attributed solely to increased heat production.

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Dysuria and medical events related to heat stress and muscle injury among male Nicaraguan sugar cane workers

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2020.virtual.o-os-552 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

Author(s):

T. L. Stallings ◽

A. Riefkohl Lisci ◽

N. McCray ◽

D. E. Weiner ◽

J. S. Kaufman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Muscle Injury

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Dysuria, heat stress, and muscle injury among Nicaraguan sugarcane workers at risk for Mesoamerican nephropathy

Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health ◽

10.5271/sjweh.3963 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tiffany L Stallings ◽

Alejandro Riefkohl Lisci ◽

Nathan L McCray ◽

Daniel E Weiner ◽

James S Kaufman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Muscle Injury ◽

Mesoamerican Nephropathy

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Influence of Heat Stress on Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 Expression by Satellite Cells after Rat Skeletal Muscle Injury

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.lb646 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Megumi Sugiyama ◽

Masato Kawashima ◽

Motoi Miyakawa ◽

Kaho Taniguchi ◽

Takamitsu Arakawa

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Satellite Cells ◽

Muscle Injury ◽

Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Skeletal Muscle Injury ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein

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Reduction of Skeletal Muscle Injury in Composite Tissue Allotransplantation by Heat Stress Preconditioning

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery ◽

10.1097/01.prs.0000143577.36583.1b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 114 (7) ◽

pp. 1832-1841 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Steffen Baumeister ◽

Nina Ofer ◽

Christian Kleist ◽

Peter Terne ◽

Gerhard Opelz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Muscle Injury ◽

Composite Tissue Allotransplantation ◽

Skeletal Muscle Injury ◽

Composite Tissue

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Impact of different temperature stimuli on the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms during recovery from bupivacaine-induced muscle injury in rats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00930.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 127 (1) ◽

pp. 178-189

Author(s):

Tsubasa Shibaguchi ◽

Mizuki Hoshi ◽

Toshinori Yoshihara ◽

Hisashi Naito ◽

Katsumasa Goto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Myosin Heavy Chain ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Heavy Chain ◽

Muscle Injury ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Control Level ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

The Impact

Limited information exists regarding the impact of different temperature stimuli on myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression in skeletal muscle during recovery from injury. Therefore, this experiment investigated the impact of both cold and heat exposure on the MyHC isoform profile in the rat soleus during recovery from injury. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, bupivacaine-injected (BPVC), BPVC with icing, and BPVC with heat stress groups. Muscle injury was induced by intramuscular injection of bupivacaine into soleus muscles of male Wistar rats. Icing treatment (0°C for 20 min) was performed immediately after the injury. Intermittent heat stress (42°C for 30 min on alternating days) was carried out during 2–14 days after bupivacaine injection. In response to injury, a transient increase in developmental, IId/x, and IIb MyHC isoforms, as well as various types of hybrid fibers, followed by the recovery of the MyHC profile toward the control level, was noted in the regeneration of the soleus. The restoration of the MyHC profile in the regenerating muscle at whole-muscle and individual myofiber levels was partially delayed by icing but facilitated by heat stress. In addition, the application of repeated heat stress promoted the recovery of soleus muscle mass toward the control level following injury. We conclude that compared with acute and immediate cold (icing) treatment, chronic and repeated heat stress may be a more appropriate treatment for the enhancement of both normalization of the MyHC profile and restoration of muscle mass following injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cold exposure (icing), but not heat exposure, has been well accepted as a first-aid treatment for accidental and/or sports-related injuries. However, recent evidence suggests the negative impact of icing treatment on skeletal muscle regeneration following injury. Here, we demonstrated that acute/immediate icing treatment delayed the restoration of the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) profile, but intermittent hyperthermia, repeated for several days, facilitated the recovery of both muscle mass and the MyHC profile in the regeneration of skeletal muscle following injury.

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