A Dual Economy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Temin
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Dual Economy ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Electronics Sector

This chapter explains the dual economy model, emphasizing Lewis’ assertion that the richer sector tries to keep down earnings in the poorer sector. The modern richer sector is the FTE (finance, technology and electronics) sector, containing twenty percent of the population whose incomes have risen rapidly since 1970. The low-wage sector is much larger, but has experienced stagnant earnings since 1970. The middle class is vanishing, and the American distribution of income looks like a two-humped camel. Transition from the low-wage sector is by education, which the FTE sector makes increasingly difficult by reducing funding for public schools and universities.

Structural Transformation and Inclusive Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Late Capitalism ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Dual Economy ◽  
Heuristic Device ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter sets out some conceptual points of departure for the book in terms of structural transformation and inclusive growth. It revisits the Lewis model of economic development and proposes it as a heuristic device to connect structural transformation and inclusive growth. The chapter argues first, that both structural transformation and inclusive growth have tended to be defined in a reductionist sense, in a way that disconnects the two concepts. It is contended that this matters because the relationship between structural transformation and inclusive growth is embedded in—rather than separated from—the modality of late capitalism pursued. Second, that the work of pioneering development economist, W. Arthur Lewis and the Lewis dual economy model provides a useful heuristic device for thinking about the relationship between structural transformation and inclusive growth.

Younan, Ramses (1913–1966)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Bardaouil
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Art Teacher ◽  
Middle Class Family ◽  
The Press ◽  
Degenerate Art ◽  
Port Said ◽  
Press Office

Born into a middle-class family in Minieh, Egypt, Ramses Younan enrolled at the School of Fine Arts in Cairo in 1929. Due to an irreconcilable gap in creative and intellectual affinities between him and his peers and instructors, however, Younan dropped out in 1933 before finishing his diploma. In 1934, after obtaining a teaching certificate from the Syndicate of Higher Education, Younan took a job as an art teacher in a number of public schools in Tantah, Port-Said, and Cairo. In 1935, he joined The Call for Art Group founded by Habib Girji, which advocated the importance of art in the education of children. In 1939, he was one of the co-signatories of the manifesto "Long Live Degenerate Art," which was signed by thirty-seven mostly—but not exclusively—Egyptian artists and intellectuals living in Cairo at the time, who condemned the persecution of artists in Europe by Nazis and Fascists. In 1939, he and Georges Henein co-founded the Art and Liberty Group, comprising a number of intellectuals and artists who aligned themselves primarily with Surrealism. In 1941, Younan quit teaching to devote himself entirely to art and writing, and became the editor-in-chief of the leftist weekly magazine Al-Majalla Al-Jadida [The New Magazine]. He left Egypt for Paris in 1947 and worked in the Arabic Department of the French National Radio until 1956, while continuing to work as a painter and writer. After a brief time spent in the press office of the Egyptian Embassy in Paris, he returned to Cairo where he stayed until his death in 1966.

The Vanishing Middle Class

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Temin
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Education ◽  
First Century ◽  
Criminal Justice Education ◽  
Dual Economy ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Race ◽  
American Economy

This book analyses the American economy in the twenty-first century as a dual economy in the spirit of W. Arthur Lewis. Adapting the subsistence and capitalist sectors characterized by Lewis, the American dual economy contains a low-wage sector and a FTE (Finance, Technology, and Electronics) sector. The transition from the low-wage to the FTE sector is through education, which is becoming increasingly difficult for members of the low-wage sector because the FTE sector largely abandoned the American tradition of quality public schools and universities. Policy debates about public education and other policies that serve the low-wage sector often characterize members of the low-wage sector as black even though the low-wage sector is largely white. The model of a modern dual economy and the American history of race relations explain difficulties in both current politics and governmental actions in criminal justice, education, infrastructure and household debts.

Economic Segmentation and Worker Earnings in a U.S.-Mexico Border Enclave

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scarlett G. Hardesty ◽  
Malcolm D. Holmes ◽  
James D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
El Paso ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Dual Economy ◽  
Minority Males ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
The U.S

This study examines the effects of economic segmentation on worker earnings in El Paso, Texas, a city that is a major enclave on the U.S.-Mexico border. The investigation relies on the dual economy model, which maintains that the U.S. economy is divided into a monopoly and a competitive sector. This distinction is thought to be related to worker remuneration, with poorly paying jobs found primarily in the competitive sector. It is hypothesized that females and minority males are disproportionately located in the competitive sector and, therefore, that their income is negatively influenced. These hypotheses were tested using the 1980 U.S. Census Public Use Microdata file for the El Paso SMSA. In contrast to the dominant hypothesis this research found that women, particularly those of Mexican origin, were disproportionately located in the monopoly sector. However, women gained considerably less by virtue of monopoly sector employment than did males, especially those of Anglo origin. Generally the findings are consistent with the possibility that large monopoly sector firms strategically locate labor-intensive divisions in El Paso (and similar areas) because of the large supply of unskilled minority labor.

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