scholarly journals Neural pattern change during encoding of a narrative predicts retrospective duration estimates

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Lositsky ◽  
Janice Chen ◽  
Daniel Toker ◽  
Christopher J Honey ◽  
Michael Shvartsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobes ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Pattern Change ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
The Right

What mechanisms support our ability to estimate durations on the order of minutes? Behavioral studies in humans have shown that changes in contextual features lead to overestimation of past durations. Based on evidence that the medial temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex represent contextual features, we related the degree of fMRI pattern change in these regions with people’s subsequent duration estimates. After listening to a radio story in the scanner, participants were asked how much time had elapsed between pairs of clips from the story. Our ROI analyses found that duration estimates were correlated with the neural pattern distance between two clips at encoding in the right entorhinal cortex. Moreover, whole-brain searchlight analyses revealed a cluster spanning the right anterior temporal lobe. Our findings provide convergent support for the hypothesis that retrospective time judgments are driven by 'drift' in contextual representations supported by these regions.

scholarly journals Neural Pattern Change During Encoding of a Narrative Predicts Retrospective Duration Estimates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Lositsky ◽  
Janice Chen ◽  
Daniel Toker ◽  
Christopher J Honey ◽  
Jordan L Poppenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobes ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Pattern Change ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
The Right

What mechanisms support our ability to estimate durations on the order of minutes? Behavioral studies in humans have shown that changes in contextual features lead to overestimation of past durations. Based on evidence that the medial temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex represent contextual features, we related the degree of fMRI pattern change in these regions with people's subsequent duration estimates. After listening to a radio story in the scanner, participants were asked how much time had elapsed between pairs of clips from the story. Our ROI analysis found that the neural pattern distance between two clips at encoding was correlated with duration estimates in the right entorhinal cortex and right pars orbitalis. Moreover, a whole-brain searchlight analysis revealed a cluster spanning the right anterior temporal lobe. Our findings provide convergent support for the hypothesis that retrospective time judgments are driven by 'drift' in contextual representations supported by these regions.

scholarly journals Autobiographical memory unknown: Pervasive autobiographical memory loss encompassing personality trait knowledge in an individual with medial temporal lobe amnesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Anne Ladd Wank ◽  
Anna Robertson ◽  
Sean C. Thayer ◽  
Mieke Verfaellie ◽  
Steven Z. Rapcsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobes ◽  
Temporal Lobes

Autobiographical memory consists of distinct memory types varying from highly abstract to episodic. Self trait knowledge, which is considered one of the more abstract types of autobiographical memory, is thought to rely on regions of the autobiographical memory neural network implicated in schema representation, including the medial prefrontal cortex, and critically, not the medial temporal lobes. The current case study introduces an individual who, as a consequence of bilateral posterior cerebral artery strokes, experienced extensive medial temporal lobe damage with sparing of the medial prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, in addition to severe retrograde and anterograde episodic and autobiographical fact amnesia, this individual’s self trait knowledge was impaired for his current and pre-morbid personality traits. Yet, further assessment revealed that this individual had preserved conceptual knowledge for personality traits, could reliably and accurately rate another person’s traits, and could access his own self-concept in a variety of ways. In addition to autobiographical memory loss, he demonstrated impairment on non-personal semantic memory tests, most notably on tests requiring retrieval of unique knowledge. This rare case of amnesia suggests a previously unreported role for the medial temporal lobes in personal trait knowledge, which we propose reflects the critical role of this neural region in the storage and retrieval of personal semantics that are experience-near, meaning autobiographical facts grounded in spatiotemporal contexts.

scholarly journals Retrograde episodic and semantic memory impairment correlates with side of temporal lobe damage

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVANA BUCCIONE ◽  
LUCIA FADDA ◽  
LAURA SERRA ◽  
CARLO CALTAGIRONE ◽  
GIOVANNI A. CARLESIMO
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Herpes Encephalitis ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Retrograde Memory ◽  
The Right

AbstractPatients with damage to the mesial and anterior portions of the temporal lobes suffer from a memory impairment involving both anterograde and retrograde amnesia. In the retrograde domain, it has been suggested that the relative severity of autobiographical and nonautobiographical memory impairment may depend on the prevalent side of the temporal damage. Here we present two patients suffering from damage to the mesial and anterior portions of the temporal lobes (hippocampal formation, parahippocampal gyrus and polar cortex) as a result of herpes encephalitis. In the first case, A.S., damage predominantly affected the right temporal lobe, whereas in the second patient, R.S., the damage was bilateral but more severe on the left side. A detailed investigation of the retrograde memory deficit demonstrated a partial double dissociation between the two patients, with A.S. almost exclusively impaired in the autobiographical domain (both episodic and semantic) and R.S. with poor performances in all domains, but much more severe in the nonautobiographical (both public events and general semantic knowledge) than in the autobiographical one. These findings reinforce the view of specialization of right and left temporal lobes in the retrieval of retrograde autobiographical and nonautobiographical memories, respectively. (JINS, 2008, 14, 1083–1094.)

scholarly journals A Role for the Right Anterior Temporal Lobe in Taste Quality Recognition

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 5136-5142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Small ◽  
Marilyn Jones-Gotman ◽  
Robert J. Zatorre ◽  
Michael Petrides ◽  
Alan C. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Taste Quality ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobe ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Anterior temporal lobe morphometry predicts categorization ability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Garcin ◽  
M. Urbanski ◽  
M. Thiebaut De Schotten ◽  
R. Levy ◽  
E. Volle
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
List Type ◽  
Semantic Matching ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobe ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Shape Categorization

AbstractCategorization is the mental operation by which the brain classifies objects and events. It is classically assessed using semantic and non-semantic matching or sorting tasks. These tasks show a high variability in performance across healthy controls and the cerebral bases supporting this variability remain unknown. In this study we performed a voxel-based morphometry study to explore the relationships between semantic and shape categorization tasks and brain morphometric differences in 50 controls. We found significant correlation between categorization performance and the volume of the grey matter in the right anterior middle and inferior temporal gyri. Semantic categorization tasks were associated with more rostral temporal regions than shape categorization tasks. A significant relationship was also shown between white matter volume in the right temporal lobe and performance in the semantic tasks. Tractography revealed that this white matter region involved several projection and association fibers, including the arcuate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. These results suggest that categorization abilities are supported by the anterior portion of the right temporal lobe and its interaction with other areas.HighlightsAnterior temporal lobe morphometry correlates with categorization performancesSemantic is associated with a more rostral temporal region than shape categorizationSemantic categorization performances are associated with right temporal connections

scholarly journals Self-related processing and future thinking: Distinct contributions of ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobes

Cortex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Verfaellie ◽  
Aubrey A. Wank ◽  
Allison G. Reid ◽  
Elizabeth Race ◽  
Margaret M. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobes ◽  
Temporal Lobes

scholarly journals TDCS to the right anterior temporal lobe facilitates insight problem-solving

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Salvi ◽  
Mark Beeman ◽  
Marom Bikson ◽  
Richard McKinley ◽  
Jordan Grafman
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobe ◽  
Insight Problem ◽  
Insight Problem Solving ◽  
The Right

Perception of Geometrical Figures in Persons with Damaged Temporal Lobes

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 244-244
Author(s):  
R Lukauskiene ◽  
A Bertulis ◽  
I Busauskiene ◽  
B Mickiene
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Size Discrimination ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
Form Discrimination ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

Persons with damaged temporal lobes were tested with computerised tests for size and form discrimination developed by A Bulatov and A Bertulis (1994 Perception23 Supplement, 25). 48 persons with damaged right and 54 persons with damaged left temporal lobe were tested. 8 persons showed hemineglect of the right visual field and 10 persons hemineglect of the left visual field. Posner (1987 Neuropsychologia25 135) stated that persons with unilateral spatial neglect had a specific inability to disengage their attention from a given object in order to reallocate it to another object positioned to its left or right. In our studies we determined whether size discrimination abnormalities also occur in the neglected side, opposite to the damaged temporal lobe. We estimated the accuracy with which subjects judged the height of two squares of different colours. Two squares with sizes varying from 0.2 to 3.0 deg were generated on the right and left side of the monitor. Subjects viewed the patterns binocularly at a distance of 1 m and adjusted the size of the square on the left to make its height equal to that on the right. The error of the setting was recorded. Persons with hemineglect of the visual field were unable to concentrate their attention at two figures located on both sides of the monitor so they were unable to make the comparison. Persons with right and left temporal lobe damage without hemineglect of the visual field judged the geometrical figures better than those with hemineglect but worse than controls. Persons with damaged left temporal lobe judged figures less well than persons with damaged right temporal lobe.

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