scholarly journals Correction: Paradoxical response reversal of top-down modulation in cortical circuits with three interneuron types

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Garcia del Molino ◽  
Guangyu Robert Yang ◽  
Jorge F Mejias ◽  
Xiao-Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Paradoxical Response ◽  
Response Reversal

scholarly journals Paradoxical response reversal of top-down modulation in cortical circuits with three interneuron types

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Garcia del Molino ◽  
Guangyu Robert Yang ◽  
Jorge F Mejias ◽  
Xiao-Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Paradoxical Response ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Response Reversal ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Cortical Circuit

Pyramidal cells and interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) show cell-type-specific connectivity patterns leading to a canonical microcircuit across cortex. Experiments recording from this circuit often report counterintuitive and seemingly contradictory findings. For example, the response of SST cells in mouse V1 to top-down behavioral modulation can change its sign when the visual input changes, a phenomenon that we call response reversal. We developed a theoretical framework to explain these seemingly contradictory effects as emerging phenomena in circuits with two key features: interactions between multiple neural populations and a nonlinear neuronal input-output relationship. Furthermore, we built a cortical circuit model which reproduces counterintuitive dynamics observed in mouse V1. Our analytical calculations pinpoint connection properties critical to response reversal, and predict additional novel types of complex dynamics that could be tested in future experiments.

scholarly journals Author response: Paradoxical response reversal of top-down modulation in cortical circuits with three interneuron types

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Garcia del Molino ◽  
Guangyu Robert Yang ◽  
Jorge F Mejias ◽  
Xiao-Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Author Response ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Paradoxical Response ◽  
Response Reversal

scholarly journals Author response: Paradoxical response reversal of top-down modulation in cortical circuits with three interneuron types

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Garcia del Molino ◽  
Guangyu Robert Yang ◽  
Jorge F Mejias ◽  
Xiao-Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Author Response ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Paradoxical Response ◽  
Response Reversal

scholarly journals Response reversal during top-down modulation in cortical circuits with multiple interneuron types

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Garcia del Molino ◽  
Guangyu Robert Yang ◽  
Jorge F. Mejias ◽  
Xiao-Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Thalamic Input ◽  
Response Reversal ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Cortical Circuit

AbstractPyramidal cells and interneurons expressing parvalbumin, somatostatin, or vasoactive intestinal peptide show cell type-specific connectivity patterns leading to a canonical microcircuit across cortex. Dissecting the dynamics of this microcircuit is essential to our understanding of the mammalian cortex. However, experiments recording from this circuit often report counterintuitive and seemingly contradictory findings. For example, the response of a V1 neural population to top-down behavioral modulation can reverse from positive to negative when the bottom-up thalamic input changes. We developed a theoretical framework to explain such response reversal, and we showed how this complex dynamics can emerge in circuits that possess two key features: the presence of multiple interneuron populations and a non-linear dependence between the input and output of the populations. Furthermore, we built a cortical circuit model and the comparison of our simulations with real data shows that our model reproduces the complex dynamics observed experimentally in mouse V1. Our explicit calculations allowed us to pinpoint the connections critical to response reversal, and to predict the existence of more types of complex dynamics that could be experimentally tested and the conditions to observe them.

scholarly journals Cortical Circuits for Top-down Control of Perceptual Grouping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kon ◽  
Gregory Francis
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Human Visual Perception ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Gestalt Principles ◽  
Area V2 ◽  
Dynamic Circuits ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Visual Phenomena

A fundamental characteristic of human visual perception is the ability to group together disparate elements in a scene and treat them as a single unit. The mechanisms by which humans create such groupings remain unknown, but grouping seems to play an important role in a wide variety of visual phenomena, and a good understanding of these mechanisms might provide guidance for how to improve machine vision algorithms. Here, we build on a proposal that some groupings are the result of connections in cortical area V2 that join disparate elements, thereby allowing them to be selected and segmented together. In previous instantiations of this proposal, connection formation was based on the anatomy (e.g., extent) of receptive fields, which made connection formation obligatory when the stimulus conditions stimulate the corresponding receptive fields. We now propose dynamic circuits that provide greater flexibility in the formation of connections and that allow for top-down control of perceptual grouping. With computer simulations we explain how the circuits work and show how they can account for a wide variety of Gestalt principles of perceptual grouping and two texture segmentation tasks. We propose that human observers use such top-down control to implement task-dependent connection strategies that encourage particular groupings of stimulus elements in order to promote performance on various kinds of visual tasks.

scholarly journals Anterior cingulate is a source of valence-specific information about value and uncertainty

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya E. Monosov
Keyword(s):  
Expected Value ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Behavioral Diversity ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Reward And Punishment

SummaryExpectations of rewards and punishments can promote similar behavioral states, such as vigilance, as well as distinct behavioral states, such as approach or avoidance. However, the cortical circuits that underlie this behavioral diversity are poorly understood. In a Pavlovian procedure in which monkeys displayed a diverse repertoire of reward, punishment, and uncertainty related behaviors not mandated by the task, I show that many anterior-cingulate (ACC) neurons represent expected value and uncertainty in a valence-specific manner, for example about either rewards or punishments. This flexibility may facilitate the top-down control of many reward- and punishment-related actions and behavioral states.

Modulation of cortical circuits by top-down processing and arousal state in health and disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Batista-Brito ◽  
Edward Zagha ◽  
Jacob M Ratliff ◽  
Martin Vinck
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Arousal State ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Opposing influence of top-down and bottom-up input on different types of excitatory layer 2/3 neurons in mouse visual cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jordan ◽  
Georg B. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

ABSTRACTProcessing in cortical circuits is driven by combinations of cortical and subcortical inputs. These signals are often conceptually categorized as bottom-up input, conveying sensory information, and top-down input, conveying contextual information. Using intracellular recordings in mouse visual cortex, we measured neuronal responses to visual input, locomotion, and visuomotor mismatches. We show that layer 2/3 (L2/3) neurons compute a difference between top-down motor-related input and bottom-up visual flow input. Most L2/3 neurons responded to visuomotor mismatch with either hyperpolarization or depolarization, and these two response types were associated with distinct physiological properties. Consistent with a subtraction of bottom-up and top-down input, visual and motor-related inputs had opposing influence in L2/3 neurons. In infragranular neurons, we found no evidence of a difference-computation and responses were consistent with a positive integration of visuomotor inputs. Our results provide evidence that L2/3 functions as a bidirectional comparator of top-down and bottom-up input.

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