Measuring the Potential for Technology Entrepreneurship Development: Serbian Case

Research Question: This paper explores the potential for technology entrepreneurship development at the country level through the creation of a new composite index. Motivation: Motivation for this paper arises from the fact there is a lack of the composite indices used exclusively for technology management as identified by Jovanovic et al. (2017). Technology indices are mostly used as important components of other composite indices used for tracking a country performance from the perspective of other global phenomena (e.g. competitiveness and innovativeness). The novelty of this paper reflects in the proposed Technology Entrepreneurship Development Potential (TED-pot) index which has multiple significances. It could serve as a help for policy makers in creating national policies; other companies and countries looking for the adequate environment to invest in technology entrepreneurship projects; academics who benefit from a new country-level view on technology entrepreneurship, especially ICT entrepreneurship. Idea: The idea of the paper was to create the TED-pot index to enable the cross-countries comparisons and examine whether the potential of Serbia lies in its entrepreneurial ICT sector. Data: Four indicators included in the created index are measured by the World Bank. The index is applied on six ex-Yugoslav countries and the EU for the period 2009-2014. All the data is collected from the World Bank database. Tools: The final index value is obtained by using the simple weighted function with equal weights. The overall TED-pot has been built upon the equal weighting of the two created pillars: ICT potential (ICT-pot) and Entrepreneurial potential (E-pot). The values for each pillar are calculated by the same procedure, through the simple mean of certain indicators. Findings: According to the calculated TED-pot values, Serbia stands out as a country with the greatest potential for technology entrepreneurship development in the region. Analysing individual pillars, ICT-pot indicates Serbia has very strong ICT sector, far ahead of other countries in the region, while the E-pot values show there is a space for administration to ease and speed up the process of starting new businesses in Serbia. This is a pilot research and the first presentation of the created index, which calls for further investigation. Contribution: This paper expands exiting research related to the country-level measurement in the field of technology management and entrepreneurship, especially focusing on ICT entrepreneurship development.

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The World Bank and Educational Assistance

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.43 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Brent Edwards ◽

Inga Storen

Keyword(s):

Education Reform ◽

World Bank ◽

Low Income ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

International Political Economy ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Educational Assistance ◽

Country Level ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World

Since the 1950s, the World Bank’s involvement and influence in educational assistance has increased greatly. The World Bank has not only been a key player, but, at times, has been the dominant international organization working with low-income countries to reform their education systems. Given the contributions that education makes to country development, the World Bank works in the realm of education as part of its broad mission to reduce poverty and to increase prosperity. This work takes the form of financing, technical assistance and knowledge production (among others) and occurs at multiple levels, as the World Bank seeks to contribute to country development and to shape the global conversation around the purposes and preferred models of education reform, in addition to engaging in international processes and politics with other multi- and bilateral organizations. The present article examines the work of the World Bank in historical perspective in addition to discussing how the role of this institution has been theorized and research by scholars. Specifically, the first section provides an overview of this institution’s history with a focus on how the leadership, preferred policies, organizational structure, lending, and larger politics to which it responds have changed over time, since the 1940s. Second, the article addresses the ways that the World Bank is conceptualized and approached by scholars of World Culture Theory, international political economy, and international relations. The third section contains a review of research on (a) how the World Bank is involved in educational policy making at the country level, (b) the ways the World Bank engages with civil society and encourages its general participation in educational assistance, (c) what is known about the World Bank in relation to policy implementation, and (d) the production of research in and on the Bank.

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Economic Growth and Climate Change: An Exploratory Country-Level Analytics Study

International Journal of Green Computing ◽

10.4018/ijgc.2017010101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wullianallur Raghupathi ◽

Viju Raghupathi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Growth ◽

World Bank ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Country Level ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Development Plans ◽

Policy Decision Making ◽

Global Economic Growth

In this article, the authors use analytics to explore the association between economic growth and climate change at a country-level. They examine different indicators to better understand the macro issues and guide policy decision-making. The authors analyze global economic growth and climate change using the World Bank data of 131 countries and 16 indicators for the period 2005 to 2010. The analysis shows overall economic growth is positively associated with climate change. This implies country leaders should design and implement structured development plans if they are to promote economic growth to alleviate poverty while simultaneously mitigating climate change.

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The predictive role f country-level ESG indicators

Economy & finance ◽

10.33908/ef.2020.4.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 441-453

Author(s):

Fanni Dudás ◽

Helena Naffa

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Investment Decisions ◽

Risk Premiums ◽

Country Level ◽

Governance Indicators ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

The Neural Networks ◽

Predictive Role

Environmental, social and governance aspects, collectively known as ESG fac-tors, have gained significant importance in finance recently. This paper focuses on uncovering the importance of the predictive power of country-level ESG indica-tors in estimating risk premiums. We use the Worldwide Governance Indicators and the database of global ESG indicators provided by the World Bank, while we apply the neural networks methodology. A constant relationship between ESG factors and risk premiums would result in obvious implications for policymakers, as well as for investors. We seek empirical evidence to leverage ESG considera-tions in investment decisions and policymaking to ensure sustainable economic development.

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The Child's Right to an Education: 'Consensus-Minus-One'?

The International Journal of Children s Rights ◽

10.1163/157181808x334010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 185-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Robert Johnson

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Access To Education ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Education Resources ◽

Country Level ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Productive Potential ◽

Donor States ◽

The Right

AbstractUniversal commitment to the child's right to an education is clearly insufficient for the very large number of children globally who continue to be denied that fundamental right. The right to an education places obligations on states – including donor states – and multilateral agencies within the UN system. An increasing emphasis on the merit of schooling as an effective 'investment' in the child's productive potential repudiates a rights perspective, even as purportedly rights-based UN agencies submit to such a resourcing rationale under the leadership of the World Bank, which (at best) remains silent about education as a right. The linking of access to education resources to the recipient state's submission to Bank and/or IMF budgetary mechanisms is an additional serious qualification on this right of the child. Agencies such as UNICEF must urgently act to ensure an effective rights-based framework in country-level efforts to achieve this fundamental and universal right of the child.

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The World Bank Group Outcome Orientation at the Country Level

10.1596/34845 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

World Bank Group ◽

Country Level ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Bank Group ◽

Outcome Orientation

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Determinants of undernutrition prevalence in children aged 0–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015. A report from the World Bank database

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018003415 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (09) ◽

pp. 1597-1605

Author(s):

Cristian Ricci ◽

Hannah Asare ◽

Janet Carboo ◽

Cornelia Conradie ◽

Robin Claire Dolman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Economic Determinants ◽

Country Level ◽

The World Bank ◽

Water Accessibility ◽

The World ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Main Determinants ◽

Estimate Prevalence

AbstractObjectiveTo determine undernutrition prevalence in 0–59-month-old children and its determinants during the period 2000–2015 in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignEcological study of time series prevalence of undernutrition in sub-Saharan Africa assessed from 2000 to 2015.SettingUnderweight and stunting prevalence from the World Bank database (2000–2015) were analysed. Mixed models were used to estimate prevalence of underweight and stunting. Country-specific undernutrition prevalence variation was estimated and region comparisons were performed. A meta-regression model considering health and socio-economic characteristics at country level was used to explore and estimate the contribution of different undernutrition determinants.ParticipantsCountries of sub-Saharan Africa.ResultsDuring 2000–2015, underweight prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa was heterogeneous, ranging between 7 and 40 %. On the other hand, stunting prevalence ranged between 20 and 60 %. In general, higher rates of underweight and stunting were estimated in Niger (40 %) and Burundi (58 %), respectively; while lowest rates of underweight and stunting were estimated in Swaziland (7 %) and Gabon (21 %). About 1 % undernutrition prevalence reduction per year was estimated across sub-Saharan Africa, which was not statistically significant for all countries. Health and socio-economic determinants were identified as main determinants of underweight and stunting prevalence variability in sub-Saharan Africa.ConclusionsUndernutrition represents a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa and its prevalence reduction during the period 2000–2015 was inconsistent. Improving water accessibility and number of medical doctors along with reducing HIV prevalence and poverty could significantly reduce undernutrition prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa

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BASIC INSTITUTIONS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL- AND EASTERN-EUROPEAN POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES

Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice ◽

10.18371/fcaptp.v5i40.245210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (40) ◽

pp. 524-534

Author(s):

O. Vatamaniuk ◽

P. Ostroverkh ◽

O. Salovskyi

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

World Bank ◽

Regression Models ◽

Eastern European ◽

The World Bank ◽

Composite Indices ◽

The World ◽

Multiple Regression Models ◽

Communist Countries ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Contrasting outcomes of economic reforms conducted by the post-communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe over the last thirty years seem to be directly associated with the peculiarities of their formal and informal institutions. The rapid pace and flexible adjustment of institutional changes, along with mindful heed towards existing institutional frameworks, have become the key to the success of more than a dozen of countries, which eventually and ultimately joined the European Union. In order to analyze the impact of institutions’ quality on economic development in post-socialist countries, the authors substantiate the approach, which outlines five basic groups of institutions: property, power, competition, innovations, and values. A number of indicators collected or calculated by international organizations such as the World Bank, Transparency International, The Heritage Foundation, among others, have been used to describe and quantify the impact of these institutions. In addition, they have been applied to construct and calculate composite indices for each of the five basic groups of institutions, as well as to generalize an integrated institutional index. The authors have chosen the World Bank data on gross domestic products per capita to illustrate the level of economic development of the studied countries. Subsequently, a list of simple linear and multiple regression models has been created, which facilitated identifying a statistically significant impact of an ample number of selected institutions on the level of well-being in post-socialist countries. In particular, the influence of power, innovation, and competition institutions is especially noticeable, also confirmed for the composite indices for these groups of institutions. Furthermore, in multiple regression models, a combination of one of the indicators of power or the corresponding composite index with the R&D expenditures’ share indicator and the Human development index seems a common pattern. In overall, different versions of the models built contain parameters that attribute to four of the five basic institutions. The absence of property-related indicators in these models could probably be explained via the nature of chosen indices and possibilities of the significant indirect impact of property institutions through the indicators of power institutions. Keywords: institutions, economic development, Central and Eastern European countries, institutional changes, basic institutions, regression analysis. JEL Classification B52, O17, O43, P30 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 24.

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