Smart Environmental Monitoring System

In today's world, air pollution has become a common phenomenon everywhere, especially in the urban areas, air pollution is a real-life problem. In urban areas, the increased number of hydrocarbons and diesel vehicles and the presence of industrial areas at the outskirts of the major cities are the main causes of air pollution. The problem is seriously intense within the metropolitan cities. The governments around the world are taking measure in their capability. The main aim of this project is to develop a system which may monitor and measure pollutants in the air in real time, tell the quality of air and log real-time data onto a remote server (Cloud Service). If the value of the parameters exceeds the given threshold value, then an alert message is sent with the GPS coordinates to the registered number of the authority or person so necessary actions can be taken. The Arduino board connects with Thingspeak cloud service platform using ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The device uses multiple sensors for monitoring the parameters of the air pollution like MQ-135, MQ-7, DHT-22, sound sensor, LCD.

A Modified-SCD for Optimize Performance Rate at Polar Code

The first verified capacity-achieving codes were developed by Arikan called “polar codes.” It has gained significant attention due to their low encoding and decoding process complexity and optimum capacity-achievement process. In the original form of polar codes, the decoder has the inferior performance with finite ‘block-lengths' as compared to the LDPC codes, therefore, the successive cancellation decoder (“SCD”) for the polar codes is a very important element in order to provide a capacity theorem, but it comprises complexity at a larger number of iterations that is not applicable for the point of view of lower latency application. Therefore, in this article we proposed a modified SCD that rearranges the stages but it can cause decoder performance degradation, so we applied a novel design rule of the polar codes in order to match with our MSCD model. In the result analysis section, we show the effectiveness of our proposed model that tends to have higher performance rate as compared to standard SCD.

Do we Need a Sustainable Development or Do We Have To Avoid a Sustainable Degrowth

Rentier and infra-rentier countries are more likely to overexploit their natural resources, which creates unfair growth (as long as we deprive future generations of their future endowments in terms of natural resources). This article reflects on the notion of “sustainable degrowth” by trying to situate it between economic growth and sustainable development. Our econometric study has allowed us to conclude that until then, the most prominent model is the pollutant. However, in the post-Kyoto period, 17 countries (from a sample of 33 countries) began to conceive growth that is less polluting.

CobWeb Multidimensional Model and Tag-Cloud Operators for OLAP of Documents

There is an explosion in the amount of textual documents that have been generated and stored in recent years. Effective management of these documents is essential for better exploitation in decisional analyses. In this context, the authors propose their CobWeb multidimensional model based on standard facets and dedicated to the OLAP (on-line analytical processing) of XML documents; it aims to provide decision makers with facilities for expressing their analytical queries. Secondly, they suggest new visualization operators for OLAP query results by introducing the concept of Tag clouds as a means to help decision-makers to display OLAP results in an intuitive format and focus on main concepts. The authors have developed a software prototype called MQF (Multidimensional Query based on Facets) to support their proposals and then tested it on documents from the PubMed collection.

Understanding Behavioural Intentions to Use Green ICT at Tertiary Level Education Institutions

This article is aimed at assessing the factors that affect the use of Green ICT by individuals in tertiary level education institutions in the emergent nations. A total of 226 valid questionnaires were collected from administrative and academic staff in a public university. Results indicated that behavioural intention positively influences actual green computing behaviour. Employees with a positive outlook towards Green ICT issues are practising Green ICT at work. The results also reflected that level of self-awareness and ecological concern were significant factors (p < 0.001) influencing the attitude towards the adoption and use of Green ICT. The findings from the data obtained show that TRA provides an explanation of the factors responsible for the use and acceptance of Green ICT among emergent nations, specifically Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the study contributes to the development of strategies and frameworks to implement Green ICT strategies at tertiary level education institutions in developing countries to ensure that Green ICT is appropriately applied and accepted.

Access Control Framework Using Multi-Factor Authentication in Cloud Computing

The most challenging issues in cloud computing are access control and data security because users of the cloud outsource sensitive data and information to cloud provider servers, which are not within the same trusted domain as the data owner. Within cloud computing, various services and resources need protection from unauthorized use as a part of the security. Authentication is a key technology for information security. In recent years, a lot of research has been carried out throughout the world and several schemes have been proposed to improve authentication in the cloud. Remote authentication is the commonly used method to determine the identity of the remote client. In this article, the authors have proposed a systematic method for authenticating clients, namely by using a password, biometrics, and out-of-band-based access control mechanisms that are suitable for access control. The proposed system involves user ID/password, biometrics characteristics, and a mobile phone as a software token for one-time password generation.

Analytical Performance of Modified One-Way Hash Algorithm for Data Integrity Verification in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a revolution in the IT industry due to its characteristics of scalability, efficiency, and availability. Along with these benefits, cloud computing comes with certain security issues that a user has to take into consideration. Security of data and its integrity verification in the cloud are major issues that act as a barrier to the adoption of cloud computing. In the authors' previously published work, a one-way hash function was proposed to verify the data integrity at the cloud storage site. This article further extends prior work. In this article, the modified one-way hash algorithm is implemented by using a Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) service of Hadoop environment and analytical testing is performed to ascertain its performance. Statistical and experimental results reveal the proposed algorithm is robust, which ensures data integrity and fulfills mostly all essential features of a secure hash function.

Ecological Impact of Green Computing Using Graphical Processing Units in Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Molecular dynamics (MD) models require comprehensive computational power to simulate nanoscale phenomena. Traditionally, central processing unit (CPU) clusters have been the standard method of performing these numerically intensive computations. This article investigates the use of graphical processing units (GPUs) to implement large-scale MD models for exploring nanofluidic-substrate interactions. MD models of water nanodroplets over flat silicon substrate are tracked wherein the simulation attains a steady state computational performance. Different classes of GPU units from NVIDIA (C2050, K20, and K40) are evaluated for energy efficiency performance with respect to three green computing measures: simulation completion time, power consumption, and CO2 emissions. The CPU+K40 configuration displayed the lowest energy consumption profile for all the measures. This research demonstrates the use of energy efficient graphical computing versus traditional CPU computing for high-performance molecular dynamics simulations.

An Eco-Friendly Efficient Cloud-Searching Technique With Delay

The authors propose a cloud-based disk-searching technique with delay in this article. Cloud computing is responsible for eco-friendly use of computers and other related resources. The proposed technique exerts less energy to search particular data. The searching technique finds a particular element through parallel channels. The energy efficiency is directly proportional to the number of channels for a specific set of data. The parallel searching technique is implemented to reduce time complexity and complexity of delay. The article exhibits a complexity of delay in a real-time scenario. The delay is depending upon the number of elements and if the number of elements is increased, then the overall delay is also increased. A time graph represents the relations between the number of elements and the number of channels. An energy-efficiency graph is also represented with respect to the number of channels. The delay is calculated with respect to the number of elements, cloud network delay, and waiting time for previous data execution. The authors have established relations between the delay and the number of elements, waiting time, and the cloud network delay.

Multi-Agent-Based Analysis and Design of Decision-Support System for Real-Time Environment Control

The authors analyze different temperatures in different times and different seasons. They apply well-known data analysis agents, such as interpretation analysis, observation analysis, deductive analysis, and predictive analysis on the proposed framework. Some temperature values fall in intersected zones in which it is not definite to decide output measurement based on real-time temperature. In such scenarios, they apply fuzzy reasoning for analyzing real-time data and find the best possible solutions. Maximum method and centroid method are used for better performance in achieving optimum results for specific decisions as a support system.