The Child's Right to an Education: 'Consensus-Minus-One'?

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Johnson
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Education Resources ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Donor States ◽  
The Right

AbstractUniversal commitment to the child's right to an education is clearly insufficient for the very large number of children globally who continue to be denied that fundamental right. The right to an education places obligations on states – including donor states – and multilateral agencies within the UN system. An increasing emphasis on the merit of schooling as an effective 'investment' in the child's productive potential repudiates a rights perspective, even as purportedly rights-based UN agencies submit to such a resourcing rationale under the leadership of the World Bank, which (at best) remains silent about education as a right. The linking of access to education resources to the recipient state's submission to Bank and/or IMF budgetary mechanisms is an additional serious qualification on this right of the child. Agencies such as UNICEF must urgently act to ensure an effective rights-based framework in country-level efforts to achieve this fundamental and universal right of the child.

scholarly journals Menarik Investasi Ke Indonesia Dengan Tax Holiday

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Irwan Aribowo ◽  
Deny Irawan
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Positive Signal ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Tax Holidays ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tax Holiday

This research contains about how tax holiday as one of the tax incentives used by the Indonesian government to attract investment Ease of Doing Business index (EoDB)  released by the World Bank. Tax holiday is expected to be able to provide a positive signal to investors that Indonesia is the right country to invest in. In this paper it was found that tax holidays are not capable of attracting investment alone, but other factors are needed in order for tax holidays to be successful in attracting investment. Penelitian ini berisi tentang bagaimana tax holiday sebagai salah satu insentif pajak yang digunakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk menarik investasi Karena pajak merupakan salah satu yang menjadi perhitungan dalam indeks kemudahan bisnis yang dirilis oleh Bank Dunia. Tax holiday diharapkan mampu memberikan sinyal positif kepada para investor bahwa Indonesia adalah negara yang tepat untuk berinvestasi. Dalam penelitian ini dtemukan bahwa tax holiday tak mampu sendirian menarik investasi, akan tetapi dibutuhkan faktor-faktor lain agar tax holiday berhasil menarik investasi,

Repercussions of the economic reform policies on the urban poor in Egypt

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali El-Din Abd El-Badee Al-Qosbi
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
International Market ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Consistent Problem

As a result of empirical data gathered through sociological surveys, the author argues persuasively that Egyptian economic reform policies – largely based on structural readjustment and rehabilitation programmes devised by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank – have adversely affected the most seriously impoverished sectors of Egyptian urban society. The paper examines the correlation between theoretical suppositions of predicted adverse effect on this sector and actual repercussions as evidenced in such indicators as healthcare, sanitation, employment and access to education. While poverty has been a consistent problem and while these policies – which were undertaken in the context of increasing integration into the international market – cannot be blamed for its original occurrence, there is persuasive evidence that they have caused measurable harm, compounded existing inequities and increased the marginalization of Egypt's urban poor who appear to have been among the most adversely affected in the population as a result of the various initiatives.

The World Bank and Educational Assistance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brent Edwards ◽  
Inga Storen
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Educational Assistance ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Since the 1950s, the World Bank’s involvement and influence in educational assistance has increased greatly. The World Bank has not only been a key player, but, at times, has been the dominant international organization working with low-income countries to reform their education systems. Given the contributions that education makes to country development, the World Bank works in the realm of education as part of its broad mission to reduce poverty and to increase prosperity. This work takes the form of financing, technical assistance and knowledge production (among others) and occurs at multiple levels, as the World Bank seeks to contribute to country development and to shape the global conversation around the purposes and preferred models of education reform, in addition to engaging in international processes and politics with other multi- and bilateral organizations. The present article examines the work of the World Bank in historical perspective in addition to discussing how the role of this institution has been theorized and research by scholars. Specifically, the first section provides an overview of this institution’s history with a focus on how the leadership, preferred policies, organizational structure, lending, and larger politics to which it responds have changed over time, since the 1940s. Second, the article addresses the ways that the World Bank is conceptualized and approached by scholars of World Culture Theory, international political economy, and international relations. The third section contains a review of research on (a) how the World Bank is involved in educational policy making at the country level, (b) the ways the World Bank engages with civil society and encourages its general participation in educational assistance, (c) what is known about the World Bank in relation to policy implementation, and (d) the production of research in and on the Bank.

Economic Growth and Climate Change: An Exploratory Country-Level Analytics Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wullianallur Raghupathi ◽  
Viju Raghupathi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Global Economic Growth

In this article, the authors use analytics to explore the association between economic growth and climate change at a country-level. They examine different indicators to better understand the macro issues and guide policy decision-making. The authors analyze global economic growth and climate change using the World Bank data of 131 countries and 16 indicators for the period 2005 to 2010. The analysis shows overall economic growth is positively associated with climate change. This implies country leaders should design and implement structured development plans if they are to promote economic growth to alleviate poverty while simultaneously mitigating climate change.

Holding Intergovernmental Institutions to Account

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngaire Woods
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Accountability ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Political Decisions

How can governments and peoples better hold to account international economic institutions, such as the WTO, the World Bank, and the IMF? This article proposes an approach based on public accountability, advocating improvements in four areas: constitutional, political, financial, and internal accountability.The argument for more accountability is made with two caveats: more accountability is not always good–it can be distorting and costly; and, enhancing the accountability of international institutions should not justify increasing their jurisdiction for the sake of reducing the role of national governments. Constitutional accountability poses limits on how the institutions expand their activities, requiring the active consent of all members and particularly those most affected by their activities. Political accountability requires that those who make decisions in the organizations are directly answerable to all member governments and not just to the most powerful ones. The institutions' uneven record and structure of financial accountability is addressed through a model of mutual restraint. Finally, the internal accountability should ensure that technical decisions are distinguishable from political decisions. A better matching of the right kinds of accountability to the activities of the organizations would improve both their effectiveness and legitimacy.

scholarly journals The predictive role f country-level ESG indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-453
Author(s):  
Fanni Dudás ◽  
Helena Naffa
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Risk Premiums ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Predictive Role

Environmental, social and governance aspects, collectively known as ESG fac-tors, have gained significant importance in finance recently. This paper focuses on uncovering the importance of the predictive power of country-level ESG indica-tors in estimating risk premiums. We use the Worldwide Governance Indicators and the database of global ESG indicators provided by the World Bank, while we apply the neural networks methodology. A constant relationship between ESG factors and risk premiums would result in obvious implications for policymakers, as well as for investors. We seek empirical evidence to leverage ESG considera-tions in investment decisions and policymaking to ensure sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals The Role of the World Bank in the Inclusive Financing of Tourism as an Instrument of Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo ◽  
Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Right

It is widely accepted that tourism, given the right conditions, can be an important instrument of economic growth and a means of improving the quality of life for the societies in which it is implemented, particularly in developing territories. International financial institutions are aware of the role that tourism can play in this regard and, accordingly, have included it within their strategies to further sustainable development and financial inclusion. The World Bank is one of the institutions working to foster tourism, although, interestingly, it only began working in this area very recently (2016). This paper analyses the role of the World Bank in the inclusive financing of tourism as an instrument of sustainable development and compares it with the finance allocated to another four sectors in the branch of trade and industry. To this end, using a system of indicators previously tested in the literature, it analyses a total of ninety-two projects directly related with tourism, trade, manufacture, services, and housing construction activity. The results obtained, when compared to the finance allocated to other sectors of trade and industry (to which tourism also belongs), indicate that the World Bank’s financing of tourism could sharpen its focus on financial inclusion, which would ensure greater efficiency and efficacy in the attainment of its poverty reduction and development goals.

scholarly journals The meaning of the right to social security

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Jef Van Langendonck
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Security ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Liberal Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
International Social

This article initially dwells on the concept of social security's historical development. It starts with the characteristics and the spirit behind the inclusion of such right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It then discusses the now ancient paradigm set by the I.L.O and the neo-liberal approach by the World Bank, pointing both theories merits as well as unmasking their flaws. It concludes by offering a new concept of international social security via the collaboration between nations, grounded mainly on the solidarity principle.

scholarly journals Friends or foes? Brazil, the IMF and the World Bank, 1961–1967

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Carlo Edoardo Altamura ◽  
Claudia Kedar
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf

Between June 1959 and March 1964, the democratic governments of Brazilian presidents Juscelino Kubitschek (January 1956 – January 1961), Janio Quadros (January–August 1961), Ranieri Mazzilli (August–September 1961) and João ‘Jango’ Goulart (September 1961 – April 1964) received no support from the World Bank (WB), which refused to fund even a single new project during this period. During this same period, and, more specifically, between July 1958 and January 1965, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the WB's twin institution, granted financial assistance to Brazil only twice: a controversial and highly conditional Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) signed in May 1961; and a non-conditional and automatically approved Compensatory Financial Facility (CFF), granted in May 1963 to compensate Brazil for the decrease in coffee prices on the international market. This attitude towards Brazil changed significantly following the military coup of March 1964. Money flowed into the country and by 1970 Brazil had become the largest receiver of WB funds and a chronic borrower from the IMF, signing two SBAs in 1965, and one per year between 1966 and 1972. We use recently disclosed material from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank archives to analyse the relationship of these two institutions with Brazil and to foster the debate on their political neutrality, arguing that the difference in the IMF's and especially the WB's relations with the military regime reflected, more than anything else, the existence of an ideological affinity between the parties with regards to the ‘right’ economic policy.

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