scholarly journals Influences of heel height on human postural stability and functional mobility between inexperienced and experienced high heel shoe wearers

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10239
Author(s):  
Yiyang Chen ◽  
Jing Xian Li ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
High Heel ◽  
Ankle Strategy ◽  
Sensory Organization ◽  
Heel Height ◽  
Directional Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Reach Test

Background High heel shoes (HHS) can affect human postural control because elevated heel height (HH) may result in plantar flexed foot and limit ankle joint range of motion during walking. Effects of HH and HHS wearing experience on postural stability during self-initiated and externally triggered perturbations are less examined in the literature. Hence, the objective of the present study is to investigate the influences of HH on human postural stability during dynamic perturbations, perceived stability, and functional mobility between inexperienced and experienced HHS wearers. Methods A total of 41 female participants were recruited (21 inexperienced HHS wearers and 20 experienced HHS wearers). Sensory organization test (SOT), motor control test (MCT), and limits of stability (LOS) were conducted to measure participant’s postural stability by using computerized dynamic posturography. Functional reach test and timed up and go test were performed to measure functional mobility. The participants’ self-perceived stability was assessed by visual analog scale. Four pairs of shoes with different HH (i.e., 0.8, 3.9, 7.0, and 10.1 cm) were applied to participants randomly. Repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to detect the effects of HH and HHS wearing experience on each variable. Results During self-initiated perturbations, equilibrium score remarkably decreased when wearing 10.1 cm compared with flat shoes and 3.9 cm HHS. The contribution of vision to postural stability was larger in 10.1 cm HHS than in flat shoes. The use of ankle strategy worsened when HH increased to 7 cm. Similarly, the directional control of the center of gravity (COG) decreased for 7 cm HHS in LOS. Experienced wearers showed significantly higher percentage of ankle strategy and COG directional control than novices. Under externally triggered perturbations, postural stability was substantially decreased when HH reached 3.9 cm in MCT. No significant difference was found in experienced wearers compared with novices in MCT. Experienced wearers exhibited considerably better functional mobility and perceived stability with increased HH. Conclusions The use of HHS may worsen dynamic postural control and functional mobility when HH increases to 3.9 cm. Although experienced HHS wearers exhibit higher proportion of ankle strategy and COG directional control, the experience may not influence overall human postural control. Sensory organization ability, ankle strategy and COG directional control might provide useful information in developing a safety system and prevent HHS wearers from falling.

Postural control among normal population of different age groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Naema Ismail ◽  
Gehan S. Abd El-Salam ◽  
Asmaa Fathi
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sensory Organization Test ◽  
Dynamic Posturography ◽  
Limits Of Stability ◽  
Sensory Organization ◽  
Directional Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Shift

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Postural control continues to change in later stages of life. Age-related changes may occur within or between sub-systems involved in postural control. It is thought clinically that these changes are important as they often result in falls &amp; injury. The aim of the work was to compare the balance characteristics among different age groups using computerized dynamic posturography to provide clinicians with normal references<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Inclusion criteria were study group consisted of (30) normal healthy individuals, age range 16-79 years, with neither hearing nor vestibular complaints. It was divided into 3 age groups, each group consisted of 10 patients. Group (A) young- 16-39 years, group (B) middle- 40-59 years and group (C) elderly- 60-79 years. Exclusion criteria were history of neuromuscular or neuroskeletal disease, symptoms of unsteadiness, dizziness or vertigo, symptoms of impaired sensory function, symptoms of arthritis or lower limb problem, symptoms of uncorrected visual problems, symptoms of postural hypotension or diabetes, medication intake such as sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics &amp; antidepressants.  All participants were subjected to full history taking, otologic examination, basic audiologic evaluation, computerized dynamic posturography which included sensory organization test, limits of stability and rhythmic weight shift<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Sensory organization test: The elderly group (C) had lowest equilibrium score with eyes open, closed &amp; with conflicted visual cues on swayed surface (condition 6) and also this group have lowest percentage of SOT strategy. There was a statistically significant difference among A &amp; C groups when using sensory organization test strategy in all conditions. Limits of stability test: The elderly group has higher overall reaction time. There was statistically significant difference in all conditions of limits of stability as regards directional control. Rhythmic weight shift right and left test: There was a statistically significant difference between groups A &amp; C in low &amp; medium speed on on-axis velocity &amp; directional control. Rhythmic weight shift front &amp; back test: There was no statistically significant difference between all groups as regards on-axis velocity. There was highly statistically significant difference between all groups in all trials as regards directional control.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Postural instability occurs frequently in healthy elderly subjects. Sensory organization test is the most effective test to compare balance function among different age groups<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Center of pressure-based postural sway differences on parallel and single leg stance in Olympic deaf basketball and volleyball players

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 418-427
Author(s):  
Yücel Makaracı ◽  
Recep Soslu ◽  
Ömer Özer ◽  
Abdullah Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Volleyball Players

In sports such as basketball and volleyball, loss of balance due to the inability to maintain body stability and lack of postural control adversely affect athletic performance. Deaf athletes appear to struggle with balance and postural stability problems. The purpose of this study was to examine postural sway values in parallel and single leg stance of Olympic deaf basketball and volleyball players and reveal differences between the branches. Twenty-three male athletes from the Turkish national deaf basketball (n= 11) and volleyball (n= 12) teams participated in the study. After anthropometric measurements, the subjects completed postural sway (PS) tests in parallel/single leg stances with open eyes and closed eyes on a force plate. PS parameters (sway path, velocity, and area) obtained from the device software were used for the statistical analysis. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare differences in PS parameters between basketball and volleyball players, and the alpha value was accepted as 0.05. Volleyball players had significantly better results in parallel stance and dominant leg PS values than basketball players (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in nondominant leg PS values (P>0.05). We think that proprioceptive and vestibular system enhancing training practices to be performed with stability exercises will be beneficial in terms of both promoting functional stability and interlimb coordination. Trainers and strength coaches should be aware of differences in the postural control mechanism of deaf athletes.

Effects of Wearing High Heels on Ankle Plantarflexion

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Nida Waqas ◽  
Fareeha Amjad ◽  
Fiza Zulfiqar ◽  
Saba Illyas
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Heel ◽  
Heel Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Heels ◽  
Academic Year

Abstract: Wearing High Heels (HH) for prolong period may cause kinetics and kinematics changes of lower extremity. It may lead to musculoskeletal deformities.Objective:To determine the effects of wearing different high heel shoes on ankle joint plantar flexion range.Methadology: 120 healthy university students who habitually wore shoes of different heel heights from 1cm to 10cm for at least 1 academic year, more than 5 days a week were selectively recruited. Participants were grouped according to their heel heights: flat, low, mid and high heels. Ankle plantarflexion was measured using universal goniometer in all 4 groups.Results:Overall plantarflexion range was significantly affected by heel height (p-value <0.001). Wearing high heel s s ignificantly inc reased the plantar flexion range as compared to flat shoe wearers (p-value <0.001). There was statistically significant difference in plantarflexion range according to heel height (p<0.001).Conclusion: Wearing high heels shoes for 1 year enhanced the plantarflexion range of motion in all heel groups and the change was most significant in HH group. Habitually wearing of high heels increases the plantarflexion range of motion in heel wearing groups but it was not seen in flat shoes group (FSG). Increase in range depends on heel height; increasing the heel height results into increase plantarflexion range. Keywords: High heels; Heel height; Plantarflexion ; Range of motion

scholarly journals Stroboscopic Vision as a Dynamic Sensory Reweighting Alternative to the Sensory Organization Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Kyung-Min Kim ◽  
Joo-Sung Kim ◽  
Jeonghoon Oh ◽  
Dustin R. Grooms
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Sensory Organization Test ◽  
Sensory Organization ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Context: The sensory organization test (SOT) is a standard for quantifying sensory dependence via sway-referenced conditions (sway-referenced support and sway-referenced vision [SRV]). However, the SOT is limited to expensive equipment. Thus, a practical version of the SOT is more commonly employed—the clinical test for sensory integration in balance; however, it fails to induce postural instability to the level of SRV. Objective: Determine if Stroboscopic vision (SV), characterized by intermittent visual blocking, may provide an alternative to the SRV for assessing postural stability. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Eighteen participants (9 males, 9 females; age = 22.1 [2.1] y, height = 169.8 [8.5] cm, weight = 66.5 [10.6] kg). Intervention: Participants completed the SOT conditions, and then repeated SOT conditions 2 and 5 with SV created by specialized eyewear. Main Outcome Measures: A repeated-measures analysis of variance was completed on the time-to-boundary metrics of center-of-pressure excursion in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions in order to determine the difference between the full-vision, SV, and SRV conditions. Results: Postural stability with either SRV or SV was significantly worse than with full vision (P < .05), with no significant difference between SV and SRV (P > .05). Limits of agreement analysis revealed similar effects of SV and SRV except for unstable surface mediolateral time-to-boundary. Conclusions: In general, SV was found to induce a degree of postural instability similar to that induced by SRV, indicating that SV could be a portable and relatively inexpensive alternative for the assessment of sensory dependence and reweighting.

scholarly journals The postural stability of children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders during one-leg stance: A feasibility study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolandi Brink ◽  
John Cockcroft ◽  
Soraya Seedat ◽  
Philip May ◽  
Wendy Kalberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Task Instruction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Background: Postural control may be impaired in children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The study assessed the protocol feasibility in terms of (1) recruiting children with FASD in a rural, small town; (2) using the measurement instruments in a real-life setting; (3) the one-leg standing (OLS) task and (4) presenting preliminary results on postural stability of children with and without FASD.Methods: Nine-year-old children diagnosed with and without FASD were invited to participate. Twenty-eight children performed OLS. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, measurement instrument use and task instruction. Postural stability outcomes included standing duration, centre of pressure (COP) and body segment acceleration.Results: Participants recruitment was feasible in terms of the (1) ability to sample a reasonable participant number in a rural town setting and the capacity to increase the sample size if more schools are included in the sampling frame and (2) use of assent and consent forms that were appropriate for this population. The measurement instruments were user-friendly, cost-effective and time-efficient. Instructions for the task require amendment to address foot placement of the non-weight–bearing leg. There was a significant difference between cases and controls on mean COP velocity (p = 0.001) and the pelvis segment acceleration in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.01) and the anteroposterior direction (p= 0.027). The control children took longer to achieve postural control. The girls demonstrated a significant difference for the COP anteroposterior displacement (p = 0.008) and velocity (p = 0.049).Conclusions: The recruitment of children with and without FASD in a rural, small town and the administration of measurement instruments in a real-life, school-based setting was feasible. However, the verbal instructions for the task require revision. The male control group took longer to achieve postural control because the task was performed differently between the two groups. However, the case girls were slower to achieve postural control than control girls though performing the task similarly.

scholarly journals Sensory Organization Test Conditions Influence Postural Strategy Rather than Footwear or Workload

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10511
Author(s):  
Harish Chander ◽  
Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige ◽  
Alana J. Turner ◽  
Reuben F. Burch V ◽  
Jennifer C. Reneker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Organization Test ◽  
Ankle Strategy ◽  
Sensory Organization ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Alpha Level ◽  
Occupational Workload

Background: Postural strategies such as ankle, hip, or combined ankle-hip strategies are used to maintain optimal postural stability, which can be influenced by the footwear type and physiological workload. Purpose: This paper reports previously unreported postural strategy scores during the six conditions of the sensory organization test (SOT). Methods: Fourteen healthy males (age: 23.6 ± 1.2 years; height: 181 ± 5.3 cm; mass: 89.2 ± 14.6 kg) were tested for postural strategy adopted during SOT in three types of occupational footwear (steel-toed work boot, tactical work boot, low-top work shoe) every 30 min during a 4-h simulated occupational workload. Postural strategy scores were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance at 0.05 alpha level. Results: Significant differences among postural strategy scores were only evident between SOT conditions, and but not between footwear type or the workload. Conclusions: Findings indicate that occupational footwear and occupational workload did not cause a significant change in reliance on postural strategies. The significant changes in postural strategy scores were due to the availability of accurate and/or conflicting sensory feedback during SOT conditions. In SOT conditions where all three types of sensory feedback was available, the ankle strategy was predominantly adopted, while more reliance on hip strategy occurred in conditions with absent or conflicting sensory feedback.

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