scholarly journals Acute effects of anterior thigh foam rolling on hip angle, knee angle, and rectus femoris length in the modified Thomas test

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Vigotsky ◽  
Gregory J. Lehman ◽  
Bret Contreras ◽  
Chris Beardsley ◽  
Bryan Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Foam Rolling ◽  
Anterior Thigh ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Extension

Background.Foam rolling has been shown to acutely increase range of motion (ROM) during knee flexion and hip flexion with the experimenter applying an external force, yet no study to date has measured hip extensibility as a result of foam rolling with controlled knee flexion and hip extension moments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of foam rolling on hip extension, knee flexion, and rectus femoris length during the modified Thomas test.Methods.Twenty-three healthy participants (male = 7; female = 16; age = 22 ± 3.3 years; height = 170 ± 9.18 cm; mass = 67.7 ± 14.9 kg) performed two, one-minute bouts of foam rolling applied to the anterior thigh. Hip extension and knee flexion were measured via motion capture before and after the foam rolling intervention, from which rectus femoris length was calculated.Results.Although the increase in hip extension (change = +1.86° (+0.11, +3.61); z(22) = 2.08;p= 0.0372; Pearson’sr= 0.43 (0.02, 0.72)) was not due to chance alone, it cannot be said that the observed changes in knee flexion (change = −1.39° (−5.53, +2.75); t(22) = −0.70;p= 0.4933; Cohen’sd= − 0.15 (−0.58, 0.29)) or rectus femoris length (change = −0.005 (−0.013, +0.003); t(22) = −1.30;p= 0.2070; Cohen’sd= − 0.27 (−0.70, 0.16)) were not due to chance alone.Conclusions.Although a small change in hip extension was observed, no changes in knee flexion or rectus femoris length were observed. From these data, it appears unlikely that foam rolling applied to the anterior thigh will improve passive hip extension and knee flexion ROM, especially if performed in combination with a dynamic stretching protocol.

scholarly journals Midterm outcome and strength assessment after proximal rectus femoris refixation in athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Hinz ◽  
Stephanie Geyer ◽  
Felix Winden ◽  
Alexander Braunsperger ◽  
Florian Kreuzpointner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Postoperative Results ◽  
Postoperative Result ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Hip Flexion

Abstract Purpose Proximal rectus femoris avulsions (PRFA) are relatively rare injuries that occur predominantly among young soccer players. The aim of this study was to evaluate midterm postoperative results including strength potential via standardized strength measurements after proximal rectus femoris tendon refixation. It was hypothesized that the majority of competitive athletes return to competition (RTC) after refixation of the rectus femoris tendon without significant strength or functional deficits compared to the contralateral side. Methods Patients with an acute (< 6 weeks) PRFA who underwent surgical refixation between 2012 and 2019 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were evaluated. The outcome measures compiled were the median Tegner Activity Scale (TAS) and mean RTC time frames, Harris Hip Score (HHS), Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) subscales, International Hip Outcome Tool-33 (iHOT-33), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. In addition, a standardized isometric strength assessment of knee flexion, knee extension, and hip flexion was performed to evaluate the functional result of the injured limb in comparison to the uninjured side. Results Out of 20 patients, 16 (80%) patients were available for final assessment at a mean follow-up of 44.8 ± SD 28.9 months. All patients were male with 87.5% sustaining injuries while playing soccer. The average time interval between trauma and surgery was 18.4 ± 8.5 days. RTC was possible for 14 out of 15 previously competitive athletes (93.3%) at a mean 10.5 ± 3.4 months after trauma. Patients achieved a high level of activity postoperatively with a median (interquartile range) TAS of 9 (7–9) and reported good to excellent outcome scores (HHS: 100 (96–100); HAGOS: symptoms 94.6 (89.3–100), pain 97.5 (92.5–100), function in daily living 100 (95–100), function in sport and recreation 98.4 (87.5–100), participation in physical activities 100 (87.5–100), quality of life 83.1 ± 15.6; iHot-33: 95.1 (81.6–99.8)). No postoperative complications were reported. Range of motion, isometric knee flexion and extension, as well as hip flexion strength levels were not statistically different between the affected and contralateral legs. The majority of patients were “very satisfied” (56.3%) or “satisfied” (37.5%) with the postoperative result and reported little pain (VAS 0 (0–0.5)). Conclusion Surgical treatment of acute PRFA yields excellent postoperative results in a young and highly active cohort. Hip flexion and knee extension strength was restored fully without major surgical complications. Level of evidence Retrospective cohort study; III.

scholarly journals Development of an on-field injury screening test using wearable sensor technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9_suppl7) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0051
Author(s):  
Pinar Melodi Caliskan ◽  
Anne Benjaminse ◽  
Alli Gokeler
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Injury Screening ◽  
Coordination Patterns ◽  
Hip Extension

Introduction: Injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) commonly occur during complex game situations when the athlete encounters multiple factors such as ball, opponent, field position, and game strategy (Grooms et al., 2018). Many of the current traditional injury screening programs are performed within a predictable, fixed or ‘closed’ environment which do not represent real game situations that require high neurocognitive demands (Dingenen & Gokeler, 2017; Grooms et al., 2018). A complementary approach to lab-based settings is necessary to incorporate the demands of the complex athletic environments. By using wearable sensor technology, we aim to develop an on-field injury screening test in elite youth male soccer players. Investigating the individual differences in motor coordination patterns of the players during sport-specific tasks might enhance our understanding of how ACL injuries occur. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that the motor coordination patterns of the players would be affected when they perform under different conditions manipulated with constraints (task and environmental). Methods: A football-specific test setup was created to analyse the kinematic and performance measures of a group of 17 male youth elite football players aged 15 years (height = 164 ± 9 cm, mass = 50.9± 7.4 kg). The players were grouped into two and measured on two consecutive days. All the players were instructed to complete the test setup (4 conditions, 5 trials) as fast as possible. Condition 1 includes no constraint, condition 2 includes a task constraint (football dummies), condition 3 includes an environmental constraint (stroboscopic glasses) (SENAPTEC, Beaverton, Oregon) and condition 4 includes both task and environmental constraints. 3-D kinematics of the hip, knee, ankle joints were captured using Xsens wearable full-body sensor suits (Xsens, MVN Link version, Enschede, The Netherlands). MATLAB (MATLAB R2019a, The MathWorks Inc., Massachusetts) was used to process and analyse the kinematic data. Data from condition 1 was determined as reference behavior/condition to be compared to other conditions. Kinematic data are presented in attitude vectors (ATV). Results: In total, 81% of the players demonstrated a significant difference (P < 0.05) in angles of hip, knee and ankle joints when performing under different conditions. The percentage of players with increased comparison-based joint movements as follows; condition 1 to condition 2 comparison; 41% hip flexion, 59% hip extension, 53% hip abduction, 47% hip adduction, 62% knee flexion, 38% knee extension, 59% knee abduction, 41% knee adduction, 47% ankle dorsiflexion, 53% ankle plantarflexion, condition 1 to condition 3 comparison; 35% hip flexion, 65% hip extension, 47% hip abduction, 53% hip adduction, 50% knee flexion, 50% knee extension, 41% knee abduction, 59% knee adduction, 59% ankle dorsiflexion, 41% ankle plantarflexion and condition 1 to condition 4 comparison; 31% hip flexion, 69% hip extension, 38% hip abduction, 62% hip adduction, 60% knee flexion, 40% knee extension, 44% knee abduction, 56% knee adduction, 69% ankle dorsiflexion, 31% ankle plantarflexion. Conclusion: The result of this pilot study demonstrated that manipulating task with different constraints caused significant changes in players’ motor coordination patterns which supported the hypothesis of our study. Our findings suggest to develop ACL injury screening tests in a sport-specific setting.

scholarly journals Comparison of Lower Extremity Kinematics and Hip Muscle Activation During Rehabilitation Tasks Between Sexes

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen K. Dwyer ◽  
Samantha N. Boudreau ◽  
Carl G. Mattacola ◽  
Timothy L. Uhl ◽  
Christian Lattermann
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

Abstract Context: Closed kinetic chain exercises are an integral part of rehabilitation programs after lower extremity injury. Sex differences in lower extremity kinematics have been reported during landing and cutting; however, less is known about sex differences in movement patterns and activation of the hip musculature during common lower extremity rehabilitation exercises. Objective: To determine whether lower extremity kinematics and muscle activation levels differ between sexes during closed kinetic chain rehabilitation exercises. Design: Cross-sectional with 1 between-subjects factor (sex) and 1 within-subjects factor (exercise). Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Participants included 21 women (age  =  23 ± 5.8 years, height  =  167.6 ± 5.1 cm, mass  =  63.7 ± 5.9 kg) and 21 men (age  =  23 ± 4.0 years, height  =  181.4 ± 7.4 cm, mass  =  85.6 ± 16.5 kg). Intervention(s): In 1 testing session, participants performed 3 trials each of single-leg squat, lunge, and step-up-and-over exercises. Main Outcome Measure(s): We recorded the peak joint angles (degrees) of knee flexion and valgus and hip flexion, extension, adduction, and external rotation for each exercise. We also recorded the electromyographic activity of the gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, adductor longus, and bilateral gluteus medius muscles for the concentric and eccentric phases of each exercise. Results: Peak knee flexion angles were smaller and peak hip extension angles were larger for women than for men across all tasks. Peak hip flexion angles during the single-leg squat were smaller for women than for men. Mean root-mean-square amplitudes for the gluteus maximus and rectus femoris muscles in both the concentric and eccentric phases of the 3 exercises were greater for women than for men. Conclusions: Sex differences were observed in sagittal-plane movement patterns during the rehabilitation exercises. Because of the sex differences observed in our study, future researchers need to compare the findings for injured participants by sex to garner a better representation of altered kinematic angles and muscle activation levels due to injury.

scholarly journals A Novel Lightweight Wearable Soft Exosuit for Reducing the Metabolic Rate and Muscle Fatigue

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Lingxing Chen ◽  
Chunjie Chen ◽  
Zhuo Wang ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
Yida Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
Extra Weight ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises ◽  
Hip Extension ◽  
Soft Exosuit

Wearable robotic devices have been proved to considerably reduce the energy expenditure of human walking. It is not only suitable for healthy people, but also for some patients who require rehabilitation exercises. However, in many cases, the weight of soft exosuits are relatively large, which makes it difficult for the assistant effect of the system to offset the metabolic consumption caused by the extra weight, and the heavy weight will make people uncomfortable. Therefore, reducing the weight of the whole system as much as possible and keeping the soft exosuit output power unchanged, may improve the comfort of users and further reduce the metabolic consumption. In this paper, we show that a novel lightweight soft exosuit which is currently the lightest among all known powered exoskeletons, which assists hip flexion. Indicated from the result of experiment, the novel lightweight soft exosuit reduces the metabolic consumption rate of wearers when walking on the treadmill at 5 km per hour by 11.52% compared with locomotion without the exosuit. Additionally, it can reduce more metabolic consumption than the hip extension assisted (HEA) and hip flexion assisted (HFA) soft exosuit which our team designed previously, which has a large weight. The muscle fatigue experiments show that using the lightweight soft exosuit can also reduce muscle fatigue by about 10.7%, 40.5% and 5.9% for rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius respectively compared with locomotion without the exosuit. It is demonstrated that decreasing the weight of soft exosuit while maintaining the output almost unchanged can further reduce metabolic consumption and muscle fatigue, and appropriately improve the users’ comfort.

Acute Effects of Foam Rolling, Static Stretching, and Dynamic Stretching During Warm-ups on Muscular Flexibility and Strength in Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan Su ◽  
Nai-Jen Chang ◽  
Wen-Lan Wu ◽  
Lan-Yuen Guo ◽  
I-Hua Chu
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Foam Rolling

Context:Foam rolling has been proposed to improve muscle function, performance, and joint range of motion (ROM). However, whether a foam rolling protocol can be adopted as a warm-up to improve flexibility and muscle strength is unclear.Objectives:To examine and compare the acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching used as part of a warm-up on flexibility and muscle strength of knee flexion and extension.Design:Crossover study.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:15 male and 15 female college students (age 21.43 ± 1.48 y, weight 65.13 ± 12.29 kg, height 166.90 ± 6.99 cm).Main Outcome Measures:Isokinetic peak torque was measured during knee extension and flexion at an angular velocity of 60°/second. Flexibility of the quadriceps was assessed by the modified Thomas test, while flexibility of the hamstrings was assessed using the sit-and-reach test. The 3 interventions were performed by all participants in random order on 3 days separated by 48–72 hours.Results:The flexibility test scores improved significantly more after foam rolling as compared with static and dynamic stretching. With regard to muscle strength, only knee extension peak torque (pre vs. postintervention) improved significantly after the dynamic stretching and foam rolling, but not after static stretching. Knee flexion peak torque remained unchanged.Conclusions:Foam rolling is more effective than static and dynamic stretching in acutely increasing flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings without hampering muscle strength, and may be recommended as part of a warm-up in healthy young adults.

scholarly journals Muscle Activation and Movement Patterns During Prone Hip Extension Exercise in Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara L. Lewis ◽  
Shirley A. Sahrmann
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Extension

Abstract Context: The consistency of muscle activation order during prone hip extension has been debated. Objective: To investigate whether women use a consistent and distinguishable muscle activation order when extending the hip while prone and to explore the effects of verbal cues on muscle activation and movement. Design: Single-session, repeated-measures design. Setting: University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eleven healthy women (age  =  27.7 ± 6.2 years [range, 22–37 years]). Intervention(s): We tested the participants under 3 conditions: no cues, cues to contract the gluteal muscles, and cues to contract the hamstrings muscles. Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured hip and knee angle and electromyographic data from the gluteus maximus, medial hamstrings, and lateral hamstrings while participants performed prone hip extension from 30° of hip flexion to neutral. Results: When not given cues, participants used the consistent and distinguishable muscle activation order of medial hamstrings, followed by lateral hamstrings, then gluteus maximus (195.5 ± 74.9, 100.2 ± 70.3, and 11.5 ± 81.9 milliseconds preceding start of movement, respectively). Compared with the no-cues condition, the gluteal-cues condition resulted in nearly simultaneous onset of medial hamstrings, lateral hamstrings, and gluteus maximus (131.3 ± 84.0, 38.8 ± 96.9, and 45.1 ± 93.4 milliseconds, respectively) (P &gt; .059); decreased activation of the medial hamstrings (P &lt; .03) and lateral hamstrings (P &lt; .024) around the initiation of movement; increased activation of gluteus maximus throughout the movement (P &lt; .001); and decreased knee flexion (P  =  .002). Compared with the no-cues condition, the hamstrings-cues condition resulted in decreased activation of the medial hamstrings just after the initiation of movement (P  =  .028) and throughout the movement (P  =  .034) and resulted in decreased knee flexion (P  =  .003). Conclusions: Our results support the contention that the muscle activation order during prone hip extension is consistent in healthy women and demonstrates that muscle timing and activation amplitude and movement can be modified with verbal cues. This information is important for clinicians using prone hip extension as either an evaluation tool or a rehabilitation exercise.

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