A Systematic Review of Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Physical Activity

This article reviews the use of wearable sensors for the monitoring of physical activity (PA) for different purposes, including assessment of gait and balance, prevention and/or detection of falls, recognition of various PAs, conduction and assessment of rehabilitation exercises and monitoring of neurological disease progression. The article provides in-depth information on the retrieved articles and discusses study shortcomings related to demographic factors, i.e., age, gender, healthy participants vs patients, and study conditions. It is well known that motion patterns change with age and the onset of illnesses, and that the risk of falling increases with age. Yet, studies including older persons are rare. Gender distribution was not even provided in several studies, and others included only, or a majority of, men. Another shortcoming is that none of the studies were conducted in real-life conditions. Hence, there is still important work to be done in order to increase the usefulness of wearable sensors in these areas. The article highlights flaws in how studies based on previously collected datasets report on study samples and the data collected, which makes the validity and generalizability of those studies low. Exceptions exist, such as the promising recently reported open dataset FallAllD, wherein a longitudinal study with older adults is ongoing.

Đánh giá hiệu quả phục hồi chức năng hô hấp trên bệnh nhân Covid-19

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Bệnh nhân Covid-19 cần kết hợp nhiều phương pháp điều trị trong có phục hồi chức năng hô hấp. Nghiên cứu này giúp đánh giá hiệu quả của Chương trình Phục hồi chức năng (PHCN) hô hấp ở bệnh nhân Covid-19 nặng và nguy kịch. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu trên mẫu thuận tiện gồm 65 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán Viêm phổi do Covid-19 mức độ nặng, nguy kịch được điều trị cải thiện tại Trung tâm Hồi sức Tích cực Bệnh viện Trung Ương Huế tại TP Hồ Chí Minh. Đánh giá lại khả năng hồi phục của bệnh nhân sau 1 tuần dựa trên chỉ số SpO2, thang điểm khó thở Borg và thang điểm độc lập sinh hoạt Barthel. So sánh hiệu quả hồi phục chức năng hô hấp chọn kiểm định tổng hạng Wilcoxon. Kết quả: Tuổi nhỏ nhất là 19 tuổi, lớn nhất là 93 tuổi, nhóm bệnh có độ tuổi 50 - 59 chiếm tỷ lệ nhiều nhất, chiếm 29.2 %. Tỷ lệ mắc bệnh ở nữ lớn hơn nam (tương ứng 56,9% và 43,1%). Thời gian đang nằm viện ngắn nhất là 6 ngày, dài nhất là 47 ngày. Các bệnh nhân được tiến hành tập PHCN hô hấp ngay từ đầu khi mới vào viện và suốt quá trình bệnh nằm viện. Tăng huyết áp là yếu tố bệnh nền hay gặp nhất chiếm 61,8%. Các biện pháp hỗ trợ thông khí hay liệu pháp oxy thì sử dụng mask cannula là chủ yếu chiếm 96,5%. SpO2 tăng 98% (95,5 - 99%) lên 99% (97 - 100%) có ý nghĩa thống kê với p < 0.05. Thang điểm khó thở Borg giảm từ 2 (1 - 4) xuống 1 (0,5 - 2) có ý nghĩa thống kê với p < 0,05. Thang điểm độc lập chức năng sinh hoạt Barthel tăng từ 80 (67,5 - 100) lên 100 (80 - 100), có ý nghĩa thống kê với p < 0,05. Kết luận: Chương trình phục hồi chức năng hô hấp góp phần thúc đẩy sự hồi phục của bệnh nhân Covid-19. ABSTRACT EFFECTIVENESS OF PULMONARY REHABILITATION IN COVID-19 PATIENTS Background: Covid-19 patients need a combination of treatment methods, including respiratory rehabilitation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Respiratory Rehabilitation Program in Covid-19 patients. Methods: A cross - sectional descriptivestudy was carried out in 65 patients with severe and critical Covid-19 pneumonia who were receiving improved treatments at the Intensive Care Center of Hue Central Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City. The patient’s ability to recover after one week was re - evaluated based on SpO2 index, Borg dyspnea scale and Barthel’s independent life scale. The effectiveness of respiratory rehabilitation was compared using the Wilcoxon sum test. Results: The age ranged from 19 to 93 years. The age group from 50 to 59 years old was made up the largest proportion, accounting for 29.2%. The prevalence was higher in women than men (56.9% vs. 43.1%, respectively). The shortest hospital stay was six days, and the longest was 47 days. The patients experienced respiratory rehabilitation exercises from the beginning when they were admitted to the hospital and throughout their stay. Hypertension was the most common underlying disease factor, accounting for 61.8%. Ventilation support measured or oxygen therapy using mask cannula is the main factor accounting for 96.5%. SpO2 statistically increased from 98% (95.5 - 99%) to 99% (97 - 100%) (p < 0.05). The Borg dyspnea scale statistically decreased from 2 (1 - 4) to 1 (0.5 - 2) (p < 0.05). Barthel’s independent functional - life scale statistically increased from 80 (67,5 - 100) to 100 (80 - 100) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Respiratory rehabilitation program contributes to the recovery of Covid-19 patients Keywords: Respiratory, rehabilitation, Covid-19.

Gamification in Stroke Rehabilitation

Stroke rehabilitation aims to improve patients' abilities to realize daily life activities and, consequently, regain their self-confidence and improve independence and quality of life. Gamification can be defined as the application of game-design elements, dynamics, and principles such as competition, narratives, point-scoring, and awards in non-game contexts, including rehabilitation. It has emerged as a therapeutic alternative or complement to traditional rehabilitation to make motor practice more intense and increase a person's motivation, interest, and satisfaction by bringing meaningful and intrinsically motivational playful experiences. Compared to the same amount of conventional therapy, gamification can increase the number of movements and involve safe and intensive rehabilitation exercises, essential for a successful rehabilitation process.

Effect of rehabilitation exercises in improving the motor range of people with partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint by ages (30-35) men

The study aimed to prepare rehabilitation exercises using some rubber ropes for people with partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, to recognize their effect on the recovery of motor tides and to reduce the pain of those with partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint, and adopted the experimental method by designing the experimental and controlled groups on a sample of those with partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of men (30-35) One year of those who attend the Physiotherapy Center/Rafidain University College of 12 injured were deliberately selected from their community of origin by (100%), and after determining the measuring tools and preparation of exercises applied with rubber ropes per week at a rate of (4) units per week, the total time period for the application of rehabilitation exercises with rubber ropes (12) A consecutive qualifying week, bringing the total number of sessions (48) rehabilitation units, and (4) rubber rope rehabilitation exercises were applied in one rehabilitation unit and the researchers verified the results of their study using the social statistical bag system (SPSS) to be conclusions and application The application of rehabilitation exercises using rubber ropes helps people with partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint to improve the motor range of this joint in the cases of tide and bending, and to reduce the degree of pain V.A.S)) in the cases of joint extension and bending, and outperforming their peers who received Exercises in the rehabilitation center, and the need for physiotherapy centers to focus on developing the experiences of their therapists on how to apply rehabilitation exercises using rubber ropes in light of the findings of this study, and to suit the degrees of rubber ropes to suit the level of pain in the injured when used in rehabilitation exercises.

Detection of Typical Compensatory Movements during Autonomously Performed Exercises Preventing Low Back Pain (LBP)

With the growing number of people seeking medical advice due to low back pain (LBP), individualised physiotherapeutic rehabilitation is becoming increasingly relevant. Thirty volunteers were asked to perform three typical LBP rehabilitation exercises (Prone-Rocking, Bird-Dog and Rowing) in two categories: clinically prescribed exercise (CPE) and typical compensatory movement (TCM). Three inertial sensors were used to detect the movement of the back during exercise performance and thus generate a dataset that is used to develop an algorithm that detects typical compensatory movements in autonomously performed LBP exercises. The best feature combinations out of 50 derived features displaying the highest capacity to differentiate between CPE and TCM in each exercise were determined. For classifying exercise movements as CPE or TCM, a binary decision tree was trained with the best performing features. The results showed that the trained classifier is able to distinguish CPE from TCM in Bird-Dog, Prone-Rocking and Rowing with up to 97.7% (Head Sensor, one feature), 98.9% (Upper back Sensor, one feature) and 80.5% (Upper back Sensor, two features) using only one sensor. Thus, as a proof-of-concept, the introduced classification models can be used to detect typical compensatory movements in autonomously performed LBP exercises.

STROKE REHABILITATION EXERCISE KINECT GAME AS A MODALITY FOR HOME-BASED THERAPY

Traditional rehabilitation is a tedious process which is reducing the patients' motivation to perform rehabilitation exercises. Therefore, patients need a program that can entice them to do rehabilitation exercises at home. This research aims to identify the game's needs based on the traditional rehabilitation, design a prototype of a recovery game based on traditional rehabilitation, and test the effectiveness of the rehabilitation game. There are two different game types in this rehabilitation game, with three different movement types used to interact. The prototype developed based on four elements, which are the elements of rehabilitation game, type of movement rehabilitation exercises, technology constraints faced by post-stroke patients, and the basic principle of interface design. Because of patients face physical constraints, Kinect was used in this game to interact with. Using Kinect, the patient is not bound to any device to interact with the game. The game also introduces a social background that encourages patients to have a friend to play either through competition or cooperation.By evaluating by observation and interviews, the game was accepted by post-stroke patients and their family members. They also provide a suggestion for improvement in the future. The contribution of this research is to measure whether the Kinect game console and this game can help patients do additional recovery exercises at home without the supervision of the therapist

MIDAS: Multi-sensorial Immersive Dynamic Autonomous System Improves Motivation of Stroke Affected Patients for Hand Rehabilitation

In this paper, we present the design and development of MIDAS. MIDAS is intended to be a portable immersive system inclusive of an exoskeleton, a smell releasing device, and a VR game that will help stroke patients feel more motivated during a hand rehabilitation session. MIDAS engages four out of five senses during rehabilitation. MIDAS uses EMG signals taken from the subject’s forearm to predict their intention before activating physical assistance (tactile) in the opening or closing of the fingers of their hand. To evaluate the performance of MIDAS, a pilot study is done using established tools to quantify the user experience, comfort, pleasure, and motivation of the subjects in using MIDAS for rehabilitation exercises.<br>