scholarly journals MalagasyConostigmus(Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) and the secret of scutes

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Mikó ◽  
Carolyn Trietsch ◽  
Emily L. Sandall ◽  
Matthew Jon Yoder ◽  
Heather Hines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Diversity Gradient ◽  
New Information ◽  
First Time

We revise the genusConostigmus Dahlbom1858 occurring in Madagascar, based on data from more specimens than were examined for the latest world revision of the genus. Our results yield new information about intraspecific variability and the nature of the atypical latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) observed in Ceraphronoidea. We also investigate cellular processes that underlie body size polyphenism, by utilizing the correspondence between epidermal cells and scutes, polygonal units of leather-like microsculpture. Our results reveal that body size polyphenism in Megaspilidae is most likely related to cell number and not cell size variation, and that cell size differs between epithelial fields of the head and that of the mesosoma. Three species,Conostigmus ballescoracasDessart, 1997,C. babaiaxDessart, 1996 andC. longulusDessart, 1997, are redescribed. Females ofC. longulusare described for the first time, as are nine new species:C. bucephalusMikó and Trietsch sp. nov.,C. clavatusMikó and Trietsch sp. nov.,C. fianarantsoaensisMikó and Trietsch sp. nov.,C. lucidusMikó and Trietsch sp. nov.,C. macrocupula, Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov.,C. madagascariensisMikó and Trietsch sp. nov.,C. missyhazenaeMikó and Trietsch sp. nov.,C. pseudobabaiaxMikó and Trietsch sp. nov., andC. toliaraensisMikó and Trietsch sp. nov. A fully illustrated identification key forMalagasy Conostigmusspecies and a Web Ontology Language (OWL) representation of the taxonomic treatment, including specimen data, nomenclature, and phenotype descriptions, in both natural and formal languages, are provided.

scholarly journals Environmental effects on body size variation in Drosophila melanogaster and its cellular basis

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. DE MOED ◽  
G. DE JONG ◽  
W. SCHARLOO
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Food Level ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Food Conditions

Eight isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster were raised at four temperatures and at four yeast concentrations in their food. Temperature and food show a significant interaction in determining wing length and thorax length, affecting mean size per line and genetic variation between lines. The combination of low temperature and poor food conditions leads to a sharp increase in the genetic variation over lines of both body size characters. The increase in genetic variation in wing length under less favourable conditions is due to an increase in genetic variation of both cell size and cell number. Changes in wing area in response to both temperature and food level follow a common cell size/cell number trajectory. Changes in wing size are obtained by line-specific changes in the cellular composition of the wing, rather than by changes specific for the environmental factor.

c-Myc regulates mammalian body size by controlling cell number but not cell size

Nature ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 414 (6865) ◽  
pp. 768-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Trumpp ◽  
Yosef Refaeli ◽  
Thordur Oskarsson ◽  
Stephan Gasser ◽  
Mark Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Number

scholarly journals DIFFERENT CELL SIZE AND CELL NUMBER CONTRIBUTION IN TWO NEWLY ESTABLISHED AND ONE ANCIENT BODY SIZE CLINE OF DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA

Evolution ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico C. F. Calboli ◽  
George W. Gilchrist ◽  
Linda Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura

Geographic variation in body size among French populations of the European pond turtle

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fabien Mignet ◽  
Jean-Yves Barnagaud ◽  
Laurent Barthe ◽  
Albert Bertolero ◽  
Valérie Bosc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Pond Turtle ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Range Variation

Abstract The processes underlying macroecological gradients in body size are widely debated, in part because their intraspecific variability remains poorly described even in well-studied taxa such as vertebrates. In this study, we investigated how climate, habitat, genetic lineage and sex explain body size variations in French populations of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). We measured 7016 adult individuals captured in 41 populations, covering most of the species’ distribution in metropolitan France, including Corsica. Body size variation in our sample was wide and comparable to that found across the species’ worldwide range. Variation was similar in magnitude at regional and local levels, suggesting that body size is influenced by local factors as much as by regional factors such as climate or genetic lineage. Smaller sizes were associated with Mediterranean or altered oceanic climates, and with two lineages (E. o. galloitalica and E. o. galloitalica/E. o. orbicularis), while larger sizes were associated with northern environments and the orbicularis lineage. Body size variations recorded at local level reflect an adaptive response to environmental constraints, suggesting that habitat is also an important factor in understanding size variation.

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