Temperature and Concentration Dependencies of Chemical Equilibrium for Reductive Dissolution of Magnetite Using Oxalic Acid

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

Download Full-text

Chemical Equilibrium

Thermodynamics ◽

10.1017/9781139050616.016 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 377-391

Keyword(s):

Chemical Equilibrium

Download Full-text

Control of chemical equilibrium through optical pumping

Annales de Physique ◽

10.1051/anphys:01985001006088300 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 883-891 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Allegrini ◽

G. Alzetta ◽

P. Bicchi ◽

S. Gozzini ◽

L. Moi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Equilibrium ◽

Optical Pumping

Download Full-text

FUNDAMENTALS OF THE PLASMA INDUCED AND ASSISTED CVD : PLASMA PARAMETERS CONTROLLING THE CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM, THE DEPOSITION KINETICS AND THE PROPERTIES OF THE FILMS

Le Journal de Physique Colloques ◽

10.1051/jphyscol:1989573 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 50 (C5) ◽

pp. C5-617-C5-635

Author(s):

S. VEPžEK

Keyword(s):

Chemical Equilibrium ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Deposition Kinetics

Download Full-text

Pilot trials of hemicelluloses extraction prior to thermomechanical pulp production: Part 1

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj10.5.21 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

CARL HOUTMAN ◽

ERIC HORN

Keyword(s):

Oxalic Acid ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Wood Chip ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Thermomechanical Pulp ◽

Sugar Solution ◽

Bisulfite Treatment ◽

Pilot Trials ◽

Pulp Production ◽

Production Part

Pilot data indicate that wood chip pretreatment with oxalic acid reduced the specific energy required to make thermomechanical pulp. A combined oxalic acid/bisulfite treatment resulted in 21% refiner energy savings and 13% increase in brightness for aspen. A low level of oxalic acid treatment was effective for spruce. Energy savings of 30% was observed with no significant change in strength properties. Adding bisulfite did not significantly increase the brightness of the spruce pulp. For pine, the optimum treatment was a moderate level of oxalic acid, which resulted in 34% energy savings and an increase in strength properties. For all of these treatments 1–3 w/w % carbohydrates were recovered, which can be fermented to produce ethanol. The extract sugar solution contained significant quantities of arabinose.

Download Full-text