The CANDLE burnup strategy applied to small modular pressurized water reactor loading with fully ceramic microencapsulated fuel

For post-Fukushima nuclear power plants, there has been interested in accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) since it has better tolerant in the event of a severe accident. The fully ceramic microencapsulated (FCM) fuel is one kind of the ATF materials. In this study, the small modular pressurized water reactor (PWR) loading with FCM fuels was investigated, and the modified Constant Axial shape of Neutron flux, nuclide number densities and power shape During Life of Energy producing reactor (CANDLE) burnup strategy was successfully applied to such compact reactor core. To obtain ideal CANDLE shape, it’s necessary to set the infinity or enough length of the core height, but that is impossible for small compact core setting infinity or enough length of the core height. Due to the compact and finite core, the equilibrium state can only be maintained short periods and is not obvious, other than infinitely long active core to reach the long equilibrium state for ideal CANDLE. Consequently, the modified CANDLE shape would be presented. The approximate characteristics of CANDLE burnup are observed in the finite and compact core, and the power density and fuel burnup are selected as main characteristic of modified CANDLE burnup. In this study, firstly, lots of optimization schemes were discussed, and one of optimization schemes was chosen at last to demonstrate the modified CANDLE burnup strategy. Secondly, for chosen compact small rector core, the modified CANDLE burnup strategy is applied and presented. Consequently, the new characteristics of this reactor core can be discovered both in ignition region and in fertile region. The results show that application of CANDLE burnup strategy to small modular PWR loading with FCM fuels suppresses the excess reactivity effectively and reduces the risk of small PWR reactivity-induced accidents during the whole core life, which makes the reactor control more safety and simple.

Electron glass signatures up to room temperature in disordered insulators

This paper describes the observation of non-equilibrium field effects at room temperature in four disordered insulating systems: granular Al, discontinuous Au, amorphous NbSi and amorphous InOx thin films. The use of wide enough gate voltage ranges and a cautious analysis of the data allow us to uncover memory dips, the advocated hallmark of the electron glass, in the four systems. These memory dips are found to relax slowly over days of measurements under gate voltage changes, reflecting the impossibility for the systems to reach an equilibrium state within experimentally accessible times. Our findings demonstrate that these electrical glassy effects, so far essentially reported at cryogenic temperatures, actually extend up to room temperature.

GREESHMA RITUCHARYA: A REVIEW

Ritu means season, and Charya is ritual. Ayurveda tells about following the practices mentioned by our Acharyas to balance the health in each Ritu. Ritucharya gives us knowledge about apt diet regimens to cope with the influences caused by seasonal changes. To keep the nutritional status of both body and mind, we need to follow the regimens told in Ayurveda. The objective is to gather information about the Hitakara and Ahitakara Ahara and Vihara mentioned in Greeshma Ritu by our Acharya’s and its application for a healthier lifestyle. In Greeshma ritu, Sunrays become more powerful, which dries up the Sneha Guna of Bhoomi as well as Shareera, Kapha slowly decreases and gradually Vata starts increasing, Bala of the person will be significantly less in this Ritu; therefore, one should avoid Ahita Ahara Vihara sevana and adopt Hitakara Ahara Vihara sevana. The body's adjustment to cope with seasonal changes by following the rituals mentioned in Ritucharya is very important; thus, we can maintain the Equilibrium state of health.

Perturbative Cauchy theory for a flux-incompressible Maxwell-Stefan system

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Recently, the authors proved [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref>] that the Maxwell-Stefan system with an incompressibility-like condition on the total flux can be rigorously derived from the multi-species Boltzmann equation. Similar cross-diffusion models have been widely investigated, but the particular case of a perturbative incompressible setting around a non constant equilibrium state of the mixture (needed in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref>]) seems absent of the literature. We thus establish a quantitative perturbative Cauchy theory in Sobolev spaces for it. More precisely, by reducing the analysis of the Maxwell-Stefan system to the study of a quasilinear parabolic equation on the sole concentrations and with the use of a suitable anisotropic norm, we prove global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions and their exponential trend to equilibrium in a perturbative regime around any macroscopic equilibrium state of the mixture. As a by-product, we show that the equimolar diffusion condition naturally appears from this perturbative incompressible setting.</p>

Optimizing the quasi-equilibrium state of hot carriers in all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals through Mn doping: fundamental dynamics and device perspectives

Hot carrier (HC) cooling accounts for the significant energy loss in lead halide perovskites (LHPs) solar cells. Here, we study HC relaxation dynamics in Mn-doped LHP CsPbI3 nanocrystals (NCs), combining...

Nonlinear Dynamical Systems for Malaria Transmission and Control: Ross-Macdonald Model

Malaria was declared an emergency in Nigeria and strategies for the control of Malaria in Nigeria were adopted to reduce its prevalence to a level at which the disease will no longer constitute public health problems. In this work, we presented a deterministic (Ross–Macdonald model susceptible, expose/ infected, infectious and recovered) model incorporating the method of control adopted by national Malaria and leprosy control program. We established the disease free and the endemic equilibrium states and carried out the stability analysis of the disease. Free and the equilibrium state. We also carried out numerical simulation of the model to have an insight into the dynamics of the model. We found out that the disease free equilibrium state is stable. The feedback dynamics from mosquito to human and back to mosquito involve considerable time due to the incubation periods of the parasites. In this paper, taking explicit account of the incubation periods of parasites within the human and the mosquito, we first propose a Ross–Macdonald model. The Jacobiant results showed that it would be very difficult to completely eradicate Malaria from Nigeria using the method adopted by national Malaria and leprosy control program.

Equilibrium Psychology of “Equality-Inequality”: Cause or Effect?

Inequality is everywhere. The psychological balance of individuals who experience internal and external environments depicts the resilient capability. The equilibrium state of “equality-inequality” showcases causal-effect in psychological health and contributes to the inequality inheritance passed on to the next generations.