Effect of Legume Cover Crops and Nitrogen Fertilization Rates on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Waxy Corn (Zea mays L.) in No-Tillage System

RESUMO – A resposta à adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho é dependente do tipo de solo, sistema de cultivo, dose empregada e cultura antecessora. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos dos resíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e da adubação nitrogenada no milho cultivado em sequência, sob sistema de plantio direto em consolidação no Cerrado. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 10 x 4, em delineamento de blocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram os resíduos do cultivo de dez plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus e Urochloa ruziziensis) e, nas subparcelas, foram testadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N) em cobertura no estádio V5 da cultura do milho. Observou-se baixa resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, o que foi atribuído principalmente à ocorrência de déficit hídrico nas fases de florescimento e enchimento de grãos. De modo geral, as características agronômicas do milho foram mais influenciadas pela adubação nitrogenada do que pelas plantas de cobertura cultivadas anteriormente. O ganho médio de produtividade de grãos foi da ordem de 3,7 kg para cada 1 kg de N aplicado. O milho após Urochloa ruziziensis e Crambe abyssinica apresenta menor produtividade em relação ao uso das outras espécies de plantas de cobertura, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada.Palavras-chave: adubação verde, sistema conservacionista, veranico, Zea mays.COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MAIZE GROWN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM UNDER WATER DEFICIT ON CERRADO SOILABSTRACT - The response to nitrogen fertilization of the corn is dependent on the type of soil, cropping system, dose used and preceding crop. In this context, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cover crops residues and nitrogen fertilization on corn grown in succession, under no-tillage system in the Cerrado region. The experiment was arranged in a factorial 10 x 4, in a randomized complete block design and subdivided plot scheme, with four replications. The treatments of the plots were the residues of ten cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus and Urochloa ruziziensis) and in the subplots four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N) were tested in the V5 stage of the corn. A low response to nitrogen fertilization was observed, which was mainly attributed to the occurrence of water deficit at the flowering and grain filling stages. In general, the agronomic characteristics of corn were more influenced by nitrogen fertilization than by the cover crops previously cultivated. The average gain of grain yield was of the order of 3.7 kg for each 1 kg ha-1 of N applied. Corn after Urochloa ruziziensis and Crambe abyssinica presented lower productivity compared to the use of other cover crop species, regardless nitrogen fertilization.Keywords: green manure, conservation tillage system, summer water deficit, Zea mays.

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NITROGÊNIO E MOLIBDÊNIO PARA MILHO IRRIGADO EM REGIÃO DE CERRADO DE BAIXA ALTITUDE

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms.v15i3.651 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 418

Author(s):

SHEILA CAIONI ◽

EDSON LAZARINI ◽

TIAGO DE LISBOA PARENTE ◽

RAUL SOBRINHO PIVETTA ◽

LUIZ GUSTAVO MORETTI DE SOUZA

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

No Tillage ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Tillage System ◽

N Rates ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

RESUMO – A maior parte do nitrogênio (N) é absorvida pela cultura do milho na forma de nitrato (NO3 -), que é reduzido na planta pela ação da enzima nitrato redutase, a qual tem o molibdênio (Mo) como um dos principaisconstituintes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar doses de N em conjunto com Mo na cultura do milho irrigado, cultivado em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Selvíria, MS. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas com quatro doses de N (0, 90, 135 e 180 kg ha-1) e cinco doses de Mo (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 g ha-1), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados atributos morfológicos e produtivos da cultura. A maior produtividade de milho foi obtida com 180 kg ha-1 de N e com 25,6 g ha-1 de Mo.Palavras-chave: adubação nitrogenada, micronutriente, plantio direto, Zea mays L.NITROGEN AND MOLYBDENUM FOR IRRIGATED MAIZE IN THE BRAZILIAN SAVANNAH WITH LOW ALTITUDEABSTRACT – Most of nitrogen (N) is absorbed by maize as nitrate (NO3-), that is reduced in the plant by the actionof the nitrate reductase enzyme, which has molybdenum (Mo) as a major component. The objective of this study wasto test N rates together with Mo for irrigated corn grown in no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted at theSelviria county, Mato Grosso do Sul State. The design was a randomized complete block with split plots, with fournitrogen rates (0, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) and five doses of Mo (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g ha-1), with four replications.Morphological and productive attributes of corn crop were evaluated. The highest yield was obtained with 180 kg ha-1N and 25.6 g ha-1 Mo.Keywords – nitrogen fertilization, micronutrient, no-tillage, Zea mays L.

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Nitrogen recovery from fertilizers and cover crops by maize crop under no-tillage system

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.05.p2127 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 766-774

Author(s):

Edson Cabral da Silva ◽

Takashi Muraoka ◽

Alefe Viana Souza Bastos ◽

Vinícius Ide Franzini ◽

Alinne da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

No Tillage ◽

Velvet Bean ◽

Maize Crop ◽

N Utilization ◽

Legume Cover Crops ◽

Tillage System

Crop rotation associated with the use of cover crops promotes the introduction of crop residues to the soil, with direct and indirect effects on the availability of plant nutrients, especially nitrogen (N). The objectives of this study were to estimate the N utilization from 15N-urea and cover crop residues (labelled with 15N) of maize crops grown in succession, and evaluate the effects of the isolated and combined use of cover crops and urea on maize plant height, yield components, and grain yield, grown under a no-tillage system. Field research was conducted in an Oxisol (Rhodic Haplustox), Cerrado (Savannah) phase. The experimental design was a randomized block with 20 treatments and four replications in a 5x4 factorial scheme. The treatments were four cover crops species: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), green velvet bean (Mucuna prurens), and millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) + spontaneous vegetation (fallow in the off-season), combined with four N rates: 0, 30, 90, and 150 kg ha-1, applied at the sowing and topdressing stages. The results showed that legume cover crops provided maize grain yields equivalent to the application of 80-108 kg ha-1 N as urea. The urea N utilization by the maize was at an average of 43.5 % of the applied amount. The results indicate that cover crops, particularly legume cover crops, are an important source of N to non-legume cereals. Legumes used as cover crops can replace nitrogen fertilizers of more than 80 kg ha, which is both environmentally and economically viable for corn production.

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Cover Crops and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Nitrogen Soil Fractions under Corn Cultivation in a No-Tillage System

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/18069657rbcs20150092 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Márcia de Sousa Veras ◽

Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos ◽

Daiana Nara Santos Oliveira ◽

Cícero Célio de Figueiredo ◽

Arminda Moreira de Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Fractions ◽

Tillage System ◽

Fertilization Effects

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NITROGÊNIO E MOLIBDÊNIO PARA MILHO IRRIGADO EM REGIÃO DE CERRADO DE BAIXA ALTITUDE

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v15n3p418-427 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 418

Author(s):

SHEILA CAIONI ◽

EDSON LAZARINI ◽

TIAGO DE LISBOA PARENTE ◽

RAUL SOBRINHO PIVETTA ◽

LUIZ GUSTAVO MORETTI DE SOUZA

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

No Tillage ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Tillage System ◽

N Rates ◽

Nitrogen Rates ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

RESUMO – A maior parte do nitrogênio (N) é absorvida pela cultura do milho na forma de nitrato (NO3 -), que é reduzido na planta pela ação da enzima nitrato redutase, a qual tem o molibdênio (Mo) como um dos principais constituintes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar doses de N em conjunto com Mo na cultura do milho irrigado, cultivado em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Selvíria, MS. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas com quatro doses de N (0, 90, 135 e 180 kg ha-1) e cinco doses de Mo (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 g ha-1), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados atributos morfológicos e produtivos da cultura. A maior produtividade de milho foi obtida com 180 kg ha-1 de N e com 25,6 g ha-1 de Mo.Palavras-chave: adubação nitrogenada, micronutriente, plantio direto, Zea mays L.NITROGEN AND MOLYBDENUM FOR IRRIGATED MAIZE IN THE BRAZILIAN SAVANNAH WITH LOW ALTITUDEABSTRACT – Most of nitrogen (N) is absorbed by maize as nitrate (NO3 -), that is reduced in the plant by the action of the nitrate reductase enzyme, which has molybdenum (Mo) as a major component. The objective of this study was to test N rates together with Mo for irrigated corn grown in no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted at the Selviria county, Mato Grosso do Sul State. The design was a randomized complete block with split plots, with four nitrogen rates (0, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) and five doses of Mo (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g ha-1), with four replications. Morphological and productive attributes of corn crop were evaluated. The highest yield was obtained with 180 kg ha-1 N and 25.6 g ha-1 Mo.Keywords – nitrogen fertilization, micronutrient, no-tillage, Zea mays L.

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PLANTAS DE COBERTURA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO MILHO EM PLANTIO DIRETO SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM SOLO DE CERRADO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms.v15i3.715 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

GUILHERME FELISBERTO ◽

PATRÍCIA APARECIDA DE CARVALHO FELISBERTO ◽

LEANDRO FLÁVIO CARNEIRO ◽

PAULO CÉSAR TIMOSSI ◽

FLÁVIO HIROSHI KANEKO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

No Tillage ◽

Crambe Abyssinica ◽

Canavalia Ensiformis ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

RESUMO – A resposta à adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho é dependente do tipo de solo, sistema de cultivo,dose empregada e cultura antecessora. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos dosresíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e da adubação nitrogenada no milho cultivado em sequência, sob sistema deplantio direto em consolidação no Cerrado. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 10 x 4, em delineamento deblocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram osresíduos do cultivo de dez plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalariajuncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus eUrochloa ruziziensis) e, nas subparcelas, foram testadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N)em cobertura no estádio V5 da cultura do milho. Observou-se baixa resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, oque foi atribuído principalmente à ocorrência de déficit hídrico nas fases de florescimento e enchimento de grãos. Demodo geral, as características agronômicas do milho foram mais influenciadas pela adubação nitrogenada do que pelasplantas de cobertura cultivadas anteriormente. O ganho médio de produtividade de grãos foi da ordem de 3,7 kg paracada 1 kg de N aplicado. O milho após Urochloa ruziziensis e Crambe abyssinica apresenta menor produtividade emrelação ao uso das outras espécies de plantas de cobertura, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada.Palavras-chave: adubação verde, sistema conservacionista, veranico, Zea mays.COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MAIZE GROWN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM UNDER WATER DEFICIT ON CERRADO SOILABSTRACT - The response to nitrogen fertilization of the corn is dependent on the type of soil, cropping system, doseused and preceding crop. In this context, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cover crops residuesand nitrogen fertilization on corn grown in succession, under no-tillage system in the Cerrado region. The experimentwas arranged in a factorial 10 x 4, in a randomized complete block design and subdivided plot scheme, with fourreplications. The treatments of the plots were the residues of ten cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis,Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetumglaucum, Raphanus sativus and Urochloa ruziziensis) and in the subplots four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha-1 of N) were tested in the V5 stage of the corn. A low response to nitrogen fertilization was observed, which wasmainly attributed to the occurrence of water deficit at the flowering and grain filling stages. In general, the agronomiccharacteristics of corn were more influenced by nitrogen fertilization than by the cover crops previously cultivated. Theaverage gain of grain yield was of the order of 3.7 kg for each 1 kg ha-1 of N applied. Corn after Urochloa ruziziensisand Crambe abyssinica presented lower productivity compared to the use of other cover crop species, regardlessnitrogen fertilization.Keywords: green manure, conservation tillage system, summer water deficit, Zea mays.

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Straw returning coupled with nitrogen fertilization increases canopy photosynthetic capacity, yield and nitrogen use efficiency in cotton

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2021.126267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 126 ◽

pp. 126267

Author(s):

Zhi Wang ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

Linjie Ma ◽

Xiaobing Lv ◽

Yali Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Use Efficiency

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Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.5.530 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 530-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

R. E. Baird ◽

B. G. Mullinix ◽

A. B. Peery ◽

M. L. Lang

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Fungal Species ◽

No Tillage ◽

Cercospora Kikuchii ◽

Tillage System ◽

Mesh Bags ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Fungi

The survival of the mycobiota on pod and stem debris of soybean produced in a no-tillage system with cover crops of alfalfa, canola, rye, or wheat or with no cover was studied during 1994 and 1995. Fiberglass mesh bags containing pods and stems were assayed every 28 to 31 days to determine the isolation frequency of fungi. Over 90% of the 11,906 isolates obtained were members of the Deuteromycotina. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria, Cercos-pora, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Phoma. Alternaria spp. had the greatest isolation frequencies and constituted 40% of the total cultures. Numbers of total fungi (all fungi isolated) on sampling dates in 1994 were similar to the totals in 1995. In May 1994, the mean isolation rates for many of the fungal species were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in several of the cover crops, but no consistent pattern could be determined. Common soybean pathogens isolated included Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe spp., and Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium graminearum, which is responsible for several diseases of maize and wheat, was commonly isolated during this study. Of the Diaporthe spp. (anamorph Phomopsis spp.), 87% were identified as D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Colletotrichum spp. were identified as C. truncatum in 85% of the isolates, C. destructivum (teleomorph Glomerella glycines) in 12%, and both species in 3%. Cercospora kikuchii was more commonly isolated from pods than from stem tissue, and Colletotrichum spp. occurred more frequently on stems. Isolation frequencies of Diaporthe spp. were greater in May of both years than in the preceding months. These results show that no-tillage soybean debris harbors numerous fungi pathogenic to soybean, and producers who grow soybeans continuously may find more disease in this crop and lower yields. Fungi that attack crops such as maize and wheat were commonly isolated from soybean debris in both years, and a no-tillage rotation which includes maize or wheat could result in increased disease in these crops. Isolation frequencies of the fungi from cover crops varied with the sampling date, but no consistent patterns could be determined for a particular cover crop or fungal species. This is the first detailed study of survival rates of soybean, maize, and wheat pathogens that overwinter on soybean debris in a no-tillage system.

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