PLANTAS DE COBERTURA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO MILHO EM PLANTIO DIRETO SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM SOLO DE CERRADO

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
GUILHERME FELISBERTO ◽  
PATRÍCIA APARECIDA DE CARVALHO FELISBERTO ◽  
LEANDRO FLÁVIO CARNEIRO ◽  
PAULO CÉSAR TIMOSSI ◽  
FLÁVIO HIROSHI KANEKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

RESUMO – A resposta à adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho é dependente do tipo de solo, sistema de cultivo, dose empregada e cultura antecessora. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos dos resíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e da adubação nitrogenada no milho cultivado em sequência, sob sistema de plantio direto em consolidação no Cerrado. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 10 x 4, em delineamento de blocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram os resíduos do cultivo de dez plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus e Urochloa ruziziensis) e, nas subparcelas, foram testadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N) em cobertura no estádio V5 da cultura do milho. Observou-se baixa resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, o que foi atribuído principalmente à ocorrência de déficit hídrico nas fases de florescimento e enchimento de grãos. De modo geral, as características agronômicas do milho foram mais influenciadas pela adubação nitrogenada do que pelas plantas de cobertura cultivadas anteriormente. O ganho médio de produtividade de grãos foi da ordem de 3,7 kg para cada 1 kg de N aplicado. O milho após Urochloa ruziziensis e Crambe abyssinica apresenta menor produtividade em relação ao uso das outras espécies de plantas de cobertura, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada.Palavras-chave: adubação verde, sistema conservacionista, veranico, Zea mays.COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MAIZE GROWN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM UNDER WATER DEFICIT ON CERRADO SOILABSTRACT - The response to nitrogen fertilization of the corn is dependent on the type of soil, cropping system, dose used and preceding crop. In this context, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cover crops residues and nitrogen fertilization on corn grown in succession, under no-tillage system in the Cerrado region. The experiment was arranged in a factorial 10 x 4, in a randomized complete block design and subdivided plot scheme, with four replications. The treatments of the plots were the residues of ten cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus and Urochloa ruziziensis) and in the subplots four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N) were tested in the V5 stage of the corn. A low response to nitrogen fertilization was observed, which was mainly attributed to the occurrence of water deficit at the flowering and grain filling stages. In general, the agronomic characteristics of corn were more influenced by nitrogen fertilization than by the cover crops previously cultivated. The average gain of grain yield was of the order of 3.7 kg for each 1 kg ha-1 of N applied. Corn after Urochloa ruziziensis and Crambe abyssinica presented lower productivity compared to the use of other cover crop species, regardless nitrogen fertilization.Keywords: green manure, conservation tillage system, summer water deficit, Zea mays.

PLANTAS DE COBERTURA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO MILHO EM PLANTIO DIRETO SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM SOLO DE CERRADO

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
GUILHERME FELISBERTO ◽  
PATRÍCIA APARECIDA DE CARVALHO FELISBERTO ◽  
LEANDRO FLÁVIO CARNEIRO ◽  
PAULO CÉSAR TIMOSSI ◽  
FLÁVIO HIROSHI KANEKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

RESUMO – A resposta à adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho é dependente do tipo de solo, sistema de cultivo,dose empregada e cultura antecessora. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos dosresíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e da adubação nitrogenada no milho cultivado em sequência, sob sistema deplantio direto em consolidação no Cerrado. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 10 x 4, em delineamento deblocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram osresíduos do cultivo de dez plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalariajuncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus eUrochloa ruziziensis) e, nas subparcelas, foram testadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N)em cobertura no estádio V5 da cultura do milho. Observou-se baixa resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, oque foi atribuído principalmente à ocorrência de déficit hídrico nas fases de florescimento e enchimento de grãos. Demodo geral, as características agronômicas do milho foram mais influenciadas pela adubação nitrogenada do que pelasplantas de cobertura cultivadas anteriormente. O ganho médio de produtividade de grãos foi da ordem de 3,7 kg paracada 1 kg de N aplicado. O milho após Urochloa ruziziensis e Crambe abyssinica apresenta menor produtividade emrelação ao uso das outras espécies de plantas de cobertura, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada.Palavras-chave: adubação verde, sistema conservacionista, veranico, Zea mays.COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MAIZE GROWN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM UNDER WATER DEFICIT ON CERRADO SOILABSTRACT - The response to nitrogen fertilization of the corn is dependent on the type of soil, cropping system, doseused and preceding crop. In this context, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cover crops residuesand nitrogen fertilization on corn grown in succession, under no-tillage system in the Cerrado region. The experimentwas arranged in a factorial 10 x 4, in a randomized complete block design and subdivided plot scheme, with fourreplications. The treatments of the plots were the residues of ten cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis,Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetumglaucum, Raphanus sativus and Urochloa ruziziensis) and in the subplots four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha-1 of N) were tested in the V5 stage of the corn. A low response to nitrogen fertilization was observed, which wasmainly attributed to the occurrence of water deficit at the flowering and grain filling stages. In general, the agronomiccharacteristics of corn were more influenced by nitrogen fertilization than by the cover crops previously cultivated. Theaverage gain of grain yield was of the order of 3.7 kg for each 1 kg ha-1 of N applied. Corn after Urochloa ruziziensisand Crambe abyssinica presented lower productivity compared to the use of other cover crop species, regardlessnitrogen fertilization.Keywords: green manure, conservation tillage system, summer water deficit, Zea mays.

scholarly journals Dry Mass Accumulation, Nutrients and Decomposition of Cover Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Conceição de Sousa ◽  
João Carlos Medeiros ◽  
Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda ◽  
Jaqueline Dalla Rosa ◽  
Cácio Luiz Boechat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

The use of cover crops is an important strategy for soil management in the Brazilian Cerrado to improve no-tillage (NT) systems. For this, it is necessary know the potential of cover crop species for biomass production, nutrient cycling, and persistence of residues on the soil surface in soils and climatic conditions of this biome. Thus, the experiment was developed to evaluate the agronomic potential of cover crops cultivated on an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo) in the Cerrado of Piauí, Brazil. The experiment was conducted from January 2015 to July 2016. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 11 treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of single and intercropped cover species. The evaluations were: dry mass production, nutritional composition of the plants, nutrient accumulation by dry mass produced and decomposition rate of the dry mass produced for each treatment. The higher dry matter production was obtained with Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan (cv. IAC-Fava larga), Pennisetum glaucum and Brachiaria ruziziensis. The lower dry matter production was obtained with Mucuna aterrima, and mix of Crotalaria spectabilis + Pennisetum glaucum. The higher nutrients accumulation in the plants occurred for Cajanus cajan (cv. IAC-Fava larga), Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis. The cover plants studied presented good potential for soil conservation, due to the permanence of residues on the surface, except for Mucuna aterrima and Crotalaria spectabilis.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential of Cover Crops in Control of Shrubby False Buttonweed (Spermacoce verticillata)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. VARGAS ◽  
A.M.A. PASSOS ◽  
D. KARAM
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT: Searching for alternatives to deal with weeds without the exclusive use of herbicides can increase the sustainability of agricultural production in the Amazon region. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of cover crops on the weed shrubby false buttonweed (Spermacoce verticillata L.). Three straw levels (1; 2.5 and 5 mg cm-2) of thirteen cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, M. cinereum, Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum bicolor, S. sudanense, Urochloa brizanha cv. Xaraés, U. brizantha cv. Piatã and U. ruziziensis) were assessed on germination and initial growth of weed and lettuce. We carried out two experiments (weed and lettuce) in a factorial scheme (cover crops x straw levels) with additional treatment (control without straw) in a completely randomized experimental design, with four replicates. The straw of the cover crops inhibited the germination and initial growth of the target plants. The highest straw levels promoted 44.0 and 78.8% reductions in radicle length in relation to the lowest dose (1 mg cm-2), for lettuce and Spermacoce verticillata, respectively. The highest sensitivity to allelochemicals occurred on the radicle. The major suppressive effects on weed germination were promoted by Cajanus cajan, Urochloa brizanha cv. Xaraés, Mucuna cinereum, M. aterrima, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis and U. ruziziensis. Cover crops use is an integrated practice management to control Spermacoce verticillata under no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Desempenho de crotalária consorciada com milheto na produção de biomassa

ForScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e00895
Author(s):  
Karina Mendes Bertolino ◽  
Giuliana Rayane Barbosa Duarte ◽  
Gustavo Maldini Penna de Valadares e Vasconcelos ◽  
Élberis Pereira Botrel
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho da crotalária e milheto consorciados em diferentes proporções, bem como a melhor época de manejo e a combinação de consórcio para a produção de palhada. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo as parcelas constituídas de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis (CR) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) (MI) consorciados em diferentes proporções (100% CR; 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 100% MI) e as subparcelas duas épocas de manejo (86 e 118 dias após a semeadura), com quatro repetições. No qual tiveram como variável resposta a altura de plantas e a biomassa seca. O índice de eficiência e uso da terra foi calculado por meio dos dados obtidos de massa seca total dos consórcios aos 118 dias após a semeadura. A melhor época para o manejo das plantas em consórcio foi aos 118 dias após a semeadura, onde se obteve a quantidade suficiente de massa seca para cobertura do solo sob sistema de plantio direto. O consórcio mais vantajoso em termos agronômicos foi o constituído por 20% CR + 80% MI. Palavras-chave: Palhada. Crotalaria spectabilis.  Pennisetum glaucum (L.).   Crotalary performance consortiated with millet in biomass production Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of intercropped crotalary and millet in different proportions, as well as the best management time and the combination of intercropping for the production of straw. The design used was that of randomized blocks in a subdivided plot scheme, with plots consisting of crotalary (Crotalaria spectabilis) (CR) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) (MI) intercropped in different proportions (100% CR; 80% CR + 20 % MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 100% MI) and the subplots two management times (86 and 118 days after sowing), with four replications. In which the height of plants and dry biomass were the variable response. The efficiency and land use index were calculated using data obtained from the total dry mass of the consortia at 118 days after sowing. The best time for the management of the intercropped plants was 118 days after sowing, where sufficient dry mass was obtained to cover the soil under no-tillage system. The most advantageous consortium in agronomic terms was the one constituted by 20% CR + 80% MI. Keywords: Straw. Crotalaria spectabilis. Pennisetum glaucum (L.)

scholarly journals Soil chemical properties affected by cover crops under no-tillage system

Revista CERES ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Luis Fernando Stone ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Tillage System

The use of cover crops in no-tillage systems (NTS) can significantly improve the soil's fertility. Thus, a study was performed to evaluate changes in chemical properties of soil caused by cover crops in a no-tillage system. The field experiment consisted of the following crop rotation: cover crops/rice/cover crops/rice. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications. Treatments consisted of four cover crops (Brachiaria brizantha(Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Marandu, Brachiaria ruziziensis R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard, Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Colonião, and Pennisetum glaucum(L.) R. Br. cv. BN-2) and fallow (control treatment). Soil samples were collected at the beginning of the summer crop in Oct 2007, Oct 2008 and Oct 2009 at 0-5 cm soil depth. The use of cover crops provided for a significant increase in the level of nutrients, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation in the soil. Soil fertility improved from the first to second year with the growing of cover crops. The soil under cover crops P. glaucum, B. ruziziensis, and B. brizantha showed higher fertility than the area under fallow.

scholarly journals Effect of cover crops residues on crambe cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 8517-8523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo ◽  
Daniel Cardoso Brandão ◽  
Lucas Marquezan Nascimento ◽  
Luiz Fernandes Cardoso Campos ◽  
Carlos De Melo Silva Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis

El cultivo de Crambe abyssinica, es explotado comercialmente en Brasil, así la importancia de desarrollar estudios que posibiliten el perfeccionamiento de las técnicas involucradas en su producción. La plantación sobre restos culturales de diferentes especies de cobertura puede aumentar el desarrollo vegetativo y productivo del crambe. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el desarrollo vegetativo y reproductivo del crambe cultivado sobre restos culturales de diferentes especies, en sucesión al cultivo de lechuga crespa. El delineamiento experimental utilizado fue en bloques al azar. Los tratamientos correspondieron a restos culturales de plantas de cobertura, siendo estas: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea), frijol guandu (Cajanus cajan), frijol de porco (Canavalia ensiformis), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) y sorgo (Sorghum bicolor), además de un tratamiento control, con uso de vegetación espontánea. A los 49 días se evaluó altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, número de hojas, contenido relativo de clorofila, número de ramas laterales, masa seca y fresca de la parte aérea. Las variables productivas se evaluaron a los 95 días después de la siembra, obteniendo la masa de granos por planta, el peso hectolitro de los granos. Posteriormente fue estimada la productividad de cada tratamiento y el ingreso bruto. Se verificó que mantener los restos culturales de plantas de cobertura beneficia el desarrollo vegetativo de la cultura de crambe y no altera la productividad de los granos. Esta técnica aumenta el beneficio económico del cultivo, siendo recomendada durante el barbecho, en detrimento del manejo de plantas espontáneas.

scholarly journals Weed Emergence in a Soil with Cover Crops in an Agroecological No-Tillage System

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SOUZA ◽  
V. MÜLLER JR. ◽  
C. KURTZ ◽  
G. BRUNETTO ◽  
R.R. COUTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: The cultivation and deposition of cover crops residues on the soil surface can reduce weed emergence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of weeds, in a greenhouse, on a soil with cover crops in an agroecological no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with soil samples from an experiment installed in Ituporanga (Santa Catarina state). On April 2010 and 2011, the following field treatments were implemented: weed vegetation (VE), Hordeum vulgare (2010)/Avena strigosa (2011) (CV/AV), Secale cereale (CE), Raphanus sativus (NF), Secale cereale + Raphanus sativus (NF+CE) and Hordeum vulgare/Avena strigosa + Raphanus sativus (NF+AV). After the rotation of the species, the soil samples were collected in July. The identification of the species and the emergence assessment occurred 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after the beginning of the experiment. The species with the highest incidence were: Amaranthus lividus, Oxalis spp., Cyperus spp., Stachys arvensis, Cynodon spp. and Rumex obtusifolius. Residues from single species of Secale cereale, Avena strigosa and Hordeum vulgare have shown the greatest ability to suppress weeds during the first 45 evaluation days; this corresponds to the beginning of the critical period in the onion development.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO DE FITOMASSA E EXTRAÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES POR PLANTAS DE COBERTURA CULTIVADAS NA ESTAÇÃO SECA

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Scavazza ◽  
Marcio Roberto Soares ◽  
José Carlos Casagrande ◽  
Simone Daniela Sartorio de Medeiros ◽  
Paulo Henrique Pizzi de Santi
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
South Central ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

Na região centro-sul do Estado de São Paulo, informações sobre a adaptabilidade de plantas de cobertura cultivadas na estação seca são escassas. Objetivou-se com este estudo investigar a produção de fitomassa e extração de macronutrientes em plantas de cobertura durante a estação seca, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, no município de Araras-SP.  O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, correspondendo a espécies, em seis blocos. Na entressafra de milho 2015/2016, foram cultivadas: crotalária-spectabilis (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth.), feijão-guandu (Cajanus cajan L.), feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformes L.), mucuna-preta (Stilozobium aterrimum Piper et Tray) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum L.). O milheto foi a espécie que produziu mais fitomassa seca (acima de 8 t ha-1) e a que mais extraiu macronutrientes (185;10;106;42;18 e 8 kg ha-1 de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, respectivamente), apresentando relação C/N inferior a 25, sugerindo que seus resíduos sofreriam uma rápida decomposição e mineralização.A análise de agrupamento indicou que o feijão-guandu obteve desempenho semelhante ao do milheto. Crotalária-spectabilis apresentou a menor fitomassa seca e extraiu menor quantidade de macronutrientes. Neste estudo, milheto e feijão-guandu foram as espécies que mais contribuíram para cobertura do solo e para a reciclagem de nutrientes na estação seca.Palavras-chave: biomassa, nutrição, relação C/N, safrinha. BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION BY COVER CROPS CULTIVATED IN THE DRY SEASON ABSTRACT: In the south-central region of the State of São Paulo, data on the adaptability of cover crops grown in the dry season are insuficient. The objective of this study was to investigate the biomass production and extraction of macronutrients in cover crops during the dry season, in a Oxysoil (LatossoloVermelho), in the city of Araras-SP. The design was in randomized blocks, with five treatments, corresponding to species in six blocks. In the maize off-season 2015/2016, were cultivated: crotalaria spectabilis (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.), pig bean (Canavalia ensiformes L.), velvet bean (Stilozobium aterrimum Piper et Tray) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Millet was the species that produced the highest dry matter average (above 8 tons ha-1) and the one that most extracted macronutrients (185;10;106;42;18 and 8 Kg ha-1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively), showing a C/N ratio of less than 25, suggesting that its residues would undergo rapid decomposition and mineralization. The clustering analysis indicated that the pigeon pea had similar performance to millet. Crotalaria-spectabilis presented the lowest dried biomass extracted a smaller amount of macronutrients. In this study, millet and pigeon pea were the species that contributed the most to cover the soil and to recycle nutrients in the dry season.Keywords: biomass, nutrition, C/N ratio, off-season.

scholarly journals Fitorremediação do herbicida trifloxysulfuron sodium

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Santos ◽  
S.O. Procópio ◽  
A.A. Silva ◽  
F.R. Pires ◽  
J.I. Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de espécies vegetais na fitorremediação do herbicida trifloxysulfuron sodium em solos, utilizando o milho como planta indicadora. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação de espécies (Calopogonium muconoides, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Vicia sativa, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Helianthus annus, Dolichus lablab, Pennisetum glaucum, Stylosantes guianensis, Mucuna deeringiana, Mucuna cinereum, Mucuna aterrima, Raphanus sativus e Lupinus albus), semeadas anteriormente à cultura do milho, mais um tratamento controle (sem cultivo prévio) e três doses do herbicida trifloxysulfuron sodium (0,00; 3,75; e 15,00 g ha-1). O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial, sendo utilizadas três repetições. A semeadura das espécies vegetais nos vasos foi feita no dia seguinte à aplicação do trifloxysulfuron sodium. Após 80 dias da semeadura, as espécies vegetais foram cortadas na altura do coleto, descartando-se a sua parte aérea. A seguir, foi realizada a semeadura do milho (cultivar AG-122). Aos 45 dias após a emergência das plantas de milho foram avaliadas a altura de plantas e a sua biomassa seca da parte aérea. Verificou-se que as espécies M. aterrima e C. ensiformis foram eficientes na descontaminação do herbicida trifloxysulfuron sodium em solo.

scholarly journals Cover crops and residual effect of lime and gypsum on soil subsurface physical attributes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e143963490
Author(s):  
Marcela Pacola Oliveira ◽  
Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽  
Gabriel Luiz Piati ◽  
Othon Lauar Godinho ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Physical Attributes

The use of lime, gypsum, and different cover crops may influence the soil physical attributes, the formation of soil coverage before the crop implantation is crucial for the consolidation of the No-Tillage System. This work aimed to evaluate the alterations in the subsoil physical attributes, influenced by different cover crops combined with the application of lime and gypsum, in a no-tillage system in the Cerrado region, the soil of the experiment area was classified as Dystrophic Red Latosol. The experiment was carried out in Chapadão do Sul, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in a complete randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme. Plots consisted of cover crops (Urochloa ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum) and fallow; the subplots were formed by gypsum rates (0, 2.3, and 4.6 Mg ha-1); and the sub-sub-plots consisted of lime rates (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha-1), with three replications. The cover crops, Uruchloa ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum and the rates of limestone and gypsum do not interfere with the density of the soil. The Uruchloa ruziziensis cover crop provides increased microporosity and total soil porosity. The cover crops Uruchloa ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum were not efficient in decompressing the soil in the layers of 0.20 - 0.30 and 0.30 - 0.40 m in depth. The residual effect of the lime rate of 2 Mg ha-1 without gypsum application provided higher total porosity the 0.30 - 0.40 m layer.

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