scholarly journals Efficacy of Different Reagents to Prepare Transparent Tooth Model for Three Dimensional View of the Root Canal System- An Invitro Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Tomar ◽  
Nitin Mirdha ◽  
Bobbin Gill ◽  
Manish Sundesha ◽  
Swarneet Kakpure
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
P Value ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Canal Morphology

Introduction: There are certain common as well as atypical characteristics in the root canal anatomy of each tooth. Simultaneous understanding of both can be the key to successful endodontics. Various methods have been used till date for visualisation of root canal morphology with variable success rates like magnification, radiography, CBCT, digital imaging and clearing. Clearing technique provides a three-dimensional view of the root canal anatomy from outsidewhile maintaining the original form and relationship of canals as minimal instrumentation is required in the procedure. It is a simple and inexpensive technique which involves decalcification of tooth structure, dehydration in alcohol and clearing by immersing in clearing agents. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two decalcifying agents (nitric acid and trichloroacetic acid) and two clearing agents (methyl salicylate and eugenol) in the preparation of transparent tooth model for viewing the root canal system. Materials and Methods: The in-vitro research study from August 2, 2019 to August 27, 2019 included 40 freshly extracted teeth (18 maxillary and 22 mandibular) which were randomly divided in two groups (n=20); group A (decalcification done in 5% nitric acid) and group B (decalcification done in 10% trichloroacetic acid). Then, the teeth were dehydrated in isopropyl alcohol. Each group was subdivided in two subgroups depending on the clearing agent used (methyl salicylate or eugenol). Afterwards they were graded for transparency and haziness criteria, and data analysis was done using chi-square test, value of significance at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that nitric acid took lesser time for decalcification than trichloroacetic acid. The subgroup 1 (NA/MS) showed better transparency level in 90% of the samples when compared with other subgroups; however the results were not significant with p-value 0.121. Haziness was present in all samples. The subgroup 4 (TCA/E) showed 100% haziness which was statistically significant among all the subgroups with p-value 0.002. Methyl salicylate showed better transparency, less haziness and good root canal morphology when compared with eugenol. Conclusion: Nitric acid when used in combination with methyl salicylate prepared the best transparent tooth model. Trichloroacetic acid showed average transparency and haziness was present in almost all the samples irrespective of the clearing agents used.

Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Three-rooted Mandibular First Molars—Part I: Pulp Floor and Root Canal System

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 990-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchun Gu ◽  
Qun Lu ◽  
Hanguo Wang ◽  
Yuefeng Ding ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Canal Morphology

scholarly journals Evaluation of root canal morphology of maxillary second premolars in a Romanian population

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Paula Perlea ◽  
◽  
Cristina Nistor ◽  
Alexandru Andrei Iliescu ◽  
Daniel Nistor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Complex Root ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Maxillary Premolars ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Romanian Population ◽  
Canal Morphology

The complex root canal system of maxillary second premolars shows variations among different populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of second maxillary premolars in the romanian population. The number of roots, root canals and the root canal configuration were investigated using radiographs in both buccal-oral and mesio-distal incidence. They were categorized using Weine’s classifi cation. Among the 480 teeth, 90.83% had one root and 66.67% one root canal. The frequency of secondary maxillary premolars with two root canals (33.12%) shouldn’t be underestimated. Knowing the variations of the internal root canal morphology of maxillary second premolars in a certain population can lead the clinician to a better approach of the endodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Variations in the Root Form and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular First Molars in a Sri Lankan Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Peiris ◽  
Uthpala Malwatte ◽  
Janak Abayakoon ◽  
Anuradha Wettasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Canal Morphology

The present study was conducted to determine the number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars (M1) in a Sri Lankan population. Sample of 529 M1 teeth was used. The number of roots was examined and the lengths of the mesial and distal roots were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. Vacuum injection protocol was used to inject China ink into the root canal system, making it transparent. Root canal morphology was recorded using Vertucci’s classification. Presence of furcation canals, position of lateral canals, intercanal communications, level of bifurcation, and convergence of the root canal system were recorded. M1 showed three roots in 4.1% of the sample. Commonest root canal morphology of the mesial root was type IV and the distal root was type I. The level of bifurcation of the root canals was commonly observed in the cervical one-third of the root while convergence was observed in the apical one-third in both roots. Prevalence of three rooted mandibular first molars is less than 5%. Mesial root showed the most variable canal morphology. Prevalence of furcation canals was 1.5% while that of middle mesial canals was 0.2%.

scholarly journals Variations in the Root Morphology of Mandibular Teeth

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Annapurna Kini ◽  
Narayanaswamy Shubhashini ◽  
Geeta I Bolbanai ◽  
Rasana P Veettil
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Mandibular Teeth ◽  
Canal Morphology

ABSTRACT Aim To present two cases of rare morphological variations of mandibular teeth which were successfully treated endodontically. Background Variations in root and root canal morphology can be found associated with any tooth with varying degree and incidence. To execute an excellent root canal treatment, the clinician should have thorough knowledge of root canal anatomy. Case report Mandibular premolars and canines usually have a single root and single canal. Occurrences of two roots in such teeth are morphological rarities. Endodontic therapy was performed successfully in these rare cases with the help of preoperative radiographs at different angulations. Conclusion The root canal system is a complex structure that possesses aberrant anatomical and morphological variations. During endodontic therapy, it is always mandatory to follow the guidelines and laws to understand the complexities of the space that has to be cleaned and obturate. Clinical significance Thorough understanding and exploration of the complex root canal system with the help of available diagnostic aids is essential for a successful endodontic therapy. How to cite this article Veettil RP, Shubhashini N, Kini A, Bolbanai GI. Variations in the Root Morphology of Mandibular Teeth. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):84-88.

scholarly journals A case series of unusual root canal morphology

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Rakhi Ajith ◽  
Noushad M C ◽  
Jamsheed E T ◽  
Muhammad Askar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
Canal Morphology

Aim: The thorough knowledge of tooth morphology and its variations is essential for successful endodontic treatment.Case report: This article reports an unusual root canal configuration that was detected in a maxillary central incisor with two root canals , mandibular canine with two canals and mandibular canine with two roots and  root canals.Conclusions: These case reports  increase  the awareness of clinicians on variations in the root canal anatomy so that complete  disinfection and obturation of the root canal system is possible.

scholarly journals A Rare Root Canal Configuration of Maxillary Second Molar: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam P. Badole ◽  
Rakesh N. Bahadure ◽  
M. M. Warhadpande ◽  
Rajesh Kubde
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Normal Anatomy ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Maxillary Molar ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Canal Morphology

A thorough knowledge of root canal morphology is a prerequisite for the endodontic therapy. The maxillary molars, especially the second molars, have the most complicated root canal system in permanent dentition. There are many variations in canal number and configuration in maxillary molars. Treatment may be unsuccessful because the dentist may fail to recognize the unusual canal configuration. The present paper describes a case of a right maxillary second molar with a canal configuration rarely reported in the literature. The tooth had four roots with four root canals, two individual palatal roots (mesiopalatal and distopalatal) with their own separate canals. The mesiobuccal and distobuccal root had normal anatomy. This paper may intensify the complexity of maxillary molar variation and is intended to reinforce clinician’s awareness of the rare morphology of root canals.

scholarly journals Root Canal Morphology of the Permanent Mandibular Incisors by Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4914
Author(s):  
Silvia Herrero-Hernández ◽  
Nansi López-Valverde ◽  
Manuel Bravo ◽  
Óliver Valencia de Pablo ◽  
Manuel Peix-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Canal Morphology ◽  
Mandibular Incisors

Knowledge of dental anatomy through the assessment of the anatomic variations of each tooth’s root canal system is essential to undertake endodontic therapy. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the different studies on the internal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors where Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) X-ray imaging is used. Pubmed, CENTRAL, Wiley Library and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for scientific studies included until March 2020. The terms used in the search were: “permanent mandibular incisors”, “root canal morphology” and “cone-beam computed tomography”. The search was limited to studies whose aim was the analysis of the morphology of the root canal system evaluating the parameters of methodology, population, sample, number and configuration. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a noticeable lack of unanimity in the setting adjustments of each of the CBCT devices used. The presence of two root canals varied from 0.4% to 45%. The most frequent configurations were Vertucci’s Types I, III, II, V, IV, VII and VI. Type VIII configuration was non-existent. CBCT revealed the existence of anatomical symmetry patterns, and there was no unanimity of criteria regarding the presence of a second root canal. Results concerning the presence of a second root canal in the mandibular incisors differ widely, with a possible influence of the geographic area where the study was conducted. The prevalence of a second canal is higher in mandibular lateral incisors than in mandibular central incisors. There was no direct relationship between voxel size (0.125–0.3 mm) and increased prevalence of a second canal.

scholarly journals Endodontic Management of Radix Entomolaris and pulp stone in Mandibular First Molar of 25 mm length - Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Kadambari Padmanabhan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Mandibular First Molar ◽  
Canal Morphology

A thorough knowledge and understanding of the root canal morphology including the variations is important for the successful outcome of endodontic treatment. The success of an endodontic treatment depends on the eradication of microbes from the root-canal system and prevention of re-infection [1] . The variations in mandibular first molar involves the number of roots, the number of root canals, and morphology. Radix entomolaris and the radix paramolaris are the additional root located lingually and buccally respectively [2] . This case report discusses endodontic treatment of a mandibular first molar with a radix entomolaris and pulp stone.

scholarly journals A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Second Premolars in a Pakistani Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5086
Author(s):  
Mazen F. Alkahtany ◽  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Abdul Khabeer ◽  
Shafqat A. Shah ◽  
Khalid H. Almadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Variable Morphology ◽  
Canal Morphology

This study aimed to investigate variations in the root canal morphology of maxillary second premolar (MSP) teeth using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Sixty (N = 60) human extracted MSPs were collected and prepared for micro-CT scanning. The duration for scanning a single sample ranged between 30 and 40 min and a three-dimensional (3-D) image was obtained for all the MSPs. The images were evaluated by a single observer who recorded the canal morphology type, number of roots, canal orifices, apical foramina(s), apical delta(s), and accessory canals. The root canal configuration was categorized in agreement with Vertucci’s classification, and any configuration not in agreement with Vertucci’s classification was reported as an “additional canal configuration”. Descriptive statistics (such as mean percentages) were calculated using SPSS software. The most common types agreeing with Vertucci’s classification (in order of highest to lowest incidence) were types I, III, V, VII, II, and VI. The teeth also exhibited four additional configurations that were different from Vertucci’s classification: types 2-3, 1-2-3, 2-1-2-1, and 1-2-1-3. A single root was found in 96.7% and the majority of the samples demonstrated two canals (73.3%). Further, 80% of the teeth showed one canal orifice. The number of apical foramina’s in the teeth was variable, with 56.7% having solitary apical foramen. The accessory canal was found in 33.3%, and apical delta was found in only 20% of the samples. Variable morphology of the MSPs was detected in our study. The canal configuration most prevalent was type 1; however, the results also revealed some additional canal types.

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