SEA EMPRESS SPILL: IMPACTS ON MARINE AND COASTAL HABITATS

ABSTRACT Oil from the Sea Empress spill in February 1996 contaminated more than 120 miles of South Wales coastline, including rocky shores, sand and shingle shores, mudflats, and salt marsh. Some aerosol sprays also contaminated some maritime cliff along wave-exposed coasts. Some areas of shore, including areas with a high nature conservation value, were heavily oiled. Although much of the affected shore lies on the open coast and is exposed to wave action, large amounts of oil remained on the shores for many months, becoming buried and bound with sediments, percolating deep into cobble and shingle shores, and pooling behind rock features. Oil persistence has been greatest on sheltered shores, particularly where heavy fuel oil stranded. Cleanup activities on these shores have included the use of dispersants, high-pressure washing, low-pressure deluge, trenching, and berm relocation. Numerous studies of the effects of the oil and the cleanup techniques on the intertidal and coastal communities are being undertaken by biologists from various organizations. This paper presents a summary of the results so far.

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Application of rapidly improving battery technology for direct electrification of intraregional container shipping

10.21203/rs.3.rs-852125/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Kersey ◽

Natalie Popovitch ◽

Amol Phadke

Keyword(s):

Coastal Communities ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Minimal Impact ◽

Trade Routes ◽

Maritime Shipping ◽

Low Emission ◽

Density Values ◽

Battery Technology ◽

Near Future

Abstract International maritime shipping—powered by heavy fuel oil—contributes 2.5%, 12%, and 13% of global anthropogenic CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions, respectively. The direct electrification of vessels has been underexplored as a low-emission option despite its considerable efficiency advantage over electrofuels such as green hydrogen and ammonia. Previous studies of ship electrification have relied on outdated battery cost and energy density values and have incorrectly assumed mechanical space to be a fixed technical variable. We show that with near-future battery prices of $100 kWh-1 the electrification of intraregional trade routes of less than 1,000 km is economically feasible with minimal impact to ship carrying capacity. Projected declines in battery price to $50 kWh-1 could improve this range to 5,000 km. We describe a pathway for the battery electrification of containerships within this decade that electrifies over 40% of global containership traffic, reduces CO2 emissions by 40% for US-based vessels, and mitigates the health impacts of air pollution on coastal communities.

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Assessment of thermodynamic irreversibility in different zones of a heavy fuel oil fired high pressure boiler

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry ◽

10.1007/s10973-015-4959-4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 123 (1) ◽

pp. 829-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Omendra Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Thermodynamic Irreversibility

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Fate and effects of a heavy fuel oil spill on a Georgia salt marsh

Marine Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/0141-1136(81)90028-3 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 125-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

R.F. Lee ◽

B. Dornseif ◽

F. Gonsoulin ◽

K. Tenore ◽

R. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Salt Marsh ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil

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Modelling and Measurement of High Pressure Sprays, lgnition and Combustion of Heavy Fuel Oil and Marine Diesel Oil

Marine Engineering ◽

10.5988/jime.42.54 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 54-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laurie Goldsworthy ◽

Hiroshi Tajima

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Marine Diesel

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BURIAL AND BREAKDOWN OF OIL IN COASTAL DUNE SYSTEMS

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-577 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 (1) ◽

pp. 577-580

Author(s):

Roger E. Daniels ◽

Anthony F. Harrison ◽

John A. Parkinson ◽

Graham Hall

Keyword(s):

Sand Dunes ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Dune System ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

South Wales ◽

Set Up ◽

Being Moved

ABSTRACT In 1992 and 1994, sites where oiled beach material, resulting from tanker spills at sea, had been buried in sand dunes in 1978 were located. Analysis of samples from one site (Hemsby, Norfolk) was inconclusive but samples from Pendine in south Wales contained small quantities of hydrocarbon residues and bacterial populations capable of metabolizing catechol. Gas sampling also showed elevated concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide within the deposit compared with controls in adjacent sand dunes. Following the beaching of heavy fuel oil at Pendine in January 1994, oiled sand from the beach was deposited in the nearby dune system and a monitoring experiment was set up. Evidence of hydrocarbon degradation was found soon after deposition and was especially rapid close to the previous deposit. Progress of the oil decomposition is being monitored by collection and analysis (chemical and microbiological) of core samples and in-situ measurements of gaseous emissions. Because of problems of sand being moved by the wind and consequent concentration of oil residues on the surface, alternative methods of surface stabilization by vegetation are also being tested.

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