scholarly journals Modelling and Measurement of High Pressure Sprays, lgnition and Combustion of Heavy Fuel Oil and Marine Diesel Oil

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Goldsworthy ◽  
Hiroshi Tajima
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Diesel

Particulate Emissions From a Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine Operated With Heavy Fuel Oil

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Tsukamoto ◽  
Kenji Ohe ◽  
Hiroshi Okada
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Test Engine

In these years, a problem of air pollution in a global scale becomes a matter of great concern. In such social situation, diesel engines are strongly required to reduce the NOx and particulate emission in the exhaust gas. In this paper, measurements of particulate emissions from a low speed two-stroke marine diesel engine were conducted with several kinds of diesel oil and a heavy fuel oil, to know the characteristics of particulate emissions at the present situation. The effects of engine load and sulfur content of the fuel on the particulate emission have been examined. The particulate emission from the test engine was measured by partial-flow dilution tunnel system, and particulate matter collected on the filter was divided into four components, SOF (soluble organic fraction), sulfate, bound water and dry soot, by Soxlet extraction and ion chromatograph. Results show that the particulate emission from the test engine operated with heavy fuel oil is three times as much as the value with diesel oil and that not only sulfate but SOF and dry soot concentration increase with the increase in fuel sulfur content. It is also found that the conversion rate from sulfur in fuel into sulfate in particulate matter is nearly independent of the sulfur content in the fuel and increases with the increase in the engine load.

Maintaining Marine Diesel Emissions Using Performance Monitoring

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Roeser ◽  
Dilip Kalyankar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Tier Ii ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Marine Diesel

Ships are an integral part of modern commercial transport, leisure travel, and military system. A diesel engine was used for the first time for the propulsion of a ship sometime in the 1910s and has been the choice for propulsion and power generation, ever since. Since the first model used in ship propulsion, the diesel engine has come a long way with several technological advances. A diesel engine has a particularly high thermal efficiency. Added to it, the higher energy density of the diesel fuel compared to gasoline fuel makes it inherently, the most efficient internal combustion engine. The modern diesel engine also has a very unique ability to work with a variety of fuels like diesel, heavy fuel oil, biodiesel, vegetable oils, and several other crude oil distillates which is very important considering the shortage of petroleum fuels that we face today. In spite of being highly efficient and popular and in spite of all the technological advances, the issue of exhaust gas emissions has plagued a diesel engine. This issue has gained a lot of importance since 1990s when IMO, EU, and the EPA came up with the Tier I exhaust gas emission norms for the existing engine in order to reduce the NOx and SOx. Harsher Tier II and Tier III norms were later announced for newer engines. Diesel fuels commonly used in marine engines are a form of residual fuel, also know as Dregs or Heavy Fuel Oil and are essentially the by products of crude oil distillation process used to produce lighter petroleum fuels like marine distillate fuel and gasoline. They are cheaper than marine distillate fuels but are also high in nitrogen, sulfur and ash content. This greatly increases the NOx and SOx in the exhaust gas emission. Ship owners are trapped between the need to use residual fuels, due to cost of the large volume of fuel consumed, in order to keep the operation of their ships to a competitive level on one hand and on the other hand the need to satisfy the stringent pollution norms as established by the pollution control agencies worldwide. Newer marine diesel engines are being designed to meet the Tier II and Tier III norms wherever applicable but the existing diesel engine owners are still operating their engines with the danger of not meeting the applicable pollution norms worldwide. Here we make an effort to look at some of the measure that the existing marine diesel engine owners can take to reduce emissions and achieve at least levels prescribed in Tier I. Proper maintenance and upkeep of the engine components can be effectively used to reduce the exhaust gas emission. We introduced a pilot program on diesel engine performance monitoring in North America about two years ago and it has yielded quite satisfying results for several shipping companies and more and more ship owners are looking at the option of implementing this program on their ships.

Research on Application of Waste Plastic Disposal of Marine Diesel Engines

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (04) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
Wei Hai-jun ◽  
Wang Guo-you ◽  
Wang Xiao-rui
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Research On Application

The purpose of this paper is to study the applicability of thermal processed fuel oil (hereafter called waste plastic disposal, or WPD) of diesel engines using low-quality fuel oil. In the experiment, stability of engine operation and components of exhaust gas, such as NOx and COx, were inspected from basic and applicable points of view. This paper illustrates a new test and result of WPD oil applied to marine diesel engines. In recent years, efforts have to be made to develop an advanced technique for recycling waste plastics in order to use scrapped plastics as fuel for diesel engines. It is very important and necessary for us to cope with the increasing calorific value and to satisfy the growing need of environment protection. The experimental fuel oil is obtained by a mixing of diesel oil, WPD, and water.

scholarly journals Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1549-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Hai Guo ◽  
Yingjun Chen ◽  
Volker Matthias ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Marine Diesel

Abstract. Studies of detailed chemical compositions in particles with different size ranges emitted from ships are in serious shortage. In this study, size-segregated distributions and characteristics of particle mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), 16 EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 25 n-alkanes measured aboard 12 different vessels in China are presented. The results showed the following. (1) More than half of the total particle mass, OC, EC, PAHs and n-alkanes were concentrated in fine particles with aerodynamic diameter (Dp) < 1.1 µm for most of the tested ships. The relative contributions of OC, EC, PAH and alkanes to the size-segregated particle mass are decreasing with the increase in particle size. However, different types of ships showed quite different particle-size-dependent chemical compositions. (2) In fine particles, the OC and EC were the dominant components, while in coarse particles, OC and EC only accounted for very small proportions. With the increase in particle size, the OC / EC ratios first decreased and then increased, having the lowest values for particle sizes between 0.43 and 1.1 µm. (3) Out of the four OC fragments and three EC fragments obtained in thermal–optical analysis, OC1, OC2 and OC3 were the dominant OC fragments for all the tested ships, while EC1 and EC2 were the main EC fragments for ships running on heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine-diesel fuel, respectively; different OC and EC fragments presented different distributions in different particle sizes. (4) The four-stroke low-power diesel fishing boat (4-LDF) had much higher PAH emission ratios than the four-stroke high-power marine-diesel vessel (4-HMV) and two-stroke high-power heavy-fuel-oil vessel (2-HHV) in fine particles, and 2-HHV had the lowest values. (5) PAHs and n-alkanes showed different profile patterns for different types of ships and also between different particle-size bins, which meant that the particle size should be considered when source apportionment is conducted. It is also noteworthy from the results in this study that the smaller the particle size, the more toxic the particle was, especially for the fishing boats in China.

A two-component heavy fuel oil evaporation model for CFD studies in marine Diesel engines

Fuel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Stamoudis ◽  
Christos Chryssakis ◽  
Lambros Kaiktsis
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Evaporation Model ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Marine Diesel

scholarly journals SEA EMPRESS SPILL: IMPACTS ON MARINE AND COASTAL HABITATS

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Moore ◽  
Stephen Evans ◽  
Blaise Bullimore ◽  
Jane Hodges ◽  
Robin Crump ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Open Coast ◽  
South Wales

ABSTRACT Oil from the Sea Empress spill in February 1996 contaminated more than 120 miles of South Wales coastline, including rocky shores, sand and shingle shores, mudflats, and salt marsh. Some aerosol sprays also contaminated some maritime cliff along wave-exposed coasts. Some areas of shore, including areas with a high nature conservation value, were heavily oiled. Although much of the affected shore lies on the open coast and is exposed to wave action, large amounts of oil remained on the shores for many months, becoming buried and bound with sediments, percolating deep into cobble and shingle shores, and pooling behind rock features. Oil persistence has been greatest on sheltered shores, particularly where heavy fuel oil stranded. Cleanup activities on these shores have included the use of dispersants, high-pressure washing, low-pressure deluge, trenching, and berm relocation. Numerous studies of the effects of the oil and the cleanup techniques on the intertidal and coastal communities are being undertaken by biologists from various organizations. This paper presents a summary of the results so far.

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