Acute Toxicological Consequences of Oil Dispersal To Marine Organisms

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 1031-1033
Author(s):  
Michael M. Singer ◽  
Susan Jacobson ◽  
Maureen Hodgins ◽  
Ronald S. Tjeerdema ◽  
Michael L. Sowby
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Water Accommodated Fractions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

ABSTRACT The acute effects of untreated and chemically dispersed Prudhoe Bay crude oil was investigated using modeledexposure toxicity tests. Testing was accomplished under closed, flow-through conditions using the sensitive early life-stages of two coastal California marine species. Water-accommodated fractions of untreated oil were prepared using low-energy equilibrium methods, whereas chemical dispersions were prepared at somewhat higher energies. Exposure concentrations were measured using gas chromatography. Results showed substantial differences in toxicity both among species, and between dispersed and undispersed oil.

ACUTE AQUATIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICALLY DISPERSED AND UNDISPERSED CRUDE OIL

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Singer ◽  
Saji George ◽  
Susan Jacobson ◽  
Lisa L. Weetman ◽  
Ronald S. Tjeerdema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Water Accommodated Fractions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Aquatic Effects ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

ABSTRACT The acute aquatic toxicity of untreated and chemically dispersed Prudhoe Bay crude oil has been investigated using spiked-exposure toxicity tests. Testing was accomplished under closed, flow-through conditions using the sensitive early life stages of three coastal California marine species. Water-accommodated fractions of untreated oil were prepared using low-energy, equilibrium methods, whereas chemical dispersions were prepared at somewhat higher energies. Results showed substantial differences in toxicity both among species and between dispersed and undispersed oil.

Effect of cadmium on the embryos and juveniles of a tropical freshwater snail, Physa acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. C. Cheung ◽  
P. K. S. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Physa Acuta ◽  
Ecotoxicological Tests ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

The effects of cadmium on early life stages of a freshwater snail, Physa acuta (Draparnaud), were investigated. The 24- and 48-hour LC50 for embryos were 1.27 mg/l (95% confidence interval: 1.13 - 1.42) and 0.85 mg/l (0.71 - 1.01), respectively. The 24- and 48-hour LC50 for juveniles were 1.32 mg/l (1.13 - 1.54) and 1.05 mg/l (0.81 - 1.36), respectively. An increase in cadmium concentrations at sublethal levels resulted in a significant reduction in embryo growth rate and embryo hatchability. Developmental deformities of the embryos were also observed. The NOEC and LOEC for embryonic growth were 0.32 and 0.50 mg/l, respectively, and the LOEC for hatchability was 0.13 mg/l. These results suggest that embryonic growth and hatchability are useful endpoints in chronic toxicity tests. In addition, the potential use of early life stages of pulmonate snails in ecotoxicological tests is discussed.

Acute effects of road salts and associated cyanide compounds on the early life stages of the unionid mussel Villosa iris

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1801-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara J. Pandolfo ◽  
W. Gregory Cope ◽  
George B. Young ◽  
Jess W. Jones ◽  
Dan Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Road Salts

Comparative toxicity of two oil dispersants to the early life stages of two marine species

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1855-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Singer ◽  
Saji George ◽  
Diana Benner ◽  
Susan Jacobson ◽  
Ronald S. Tjeerdema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Oil Dispersants ◽  
Comparative Toxicity

Toxicity of the Herbicides Dinoseb and Picloram to Cutthroat (Salmo clarki) and Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1671-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Salmo Clarki

In static tests of the toxicity of two herbicides, dinoseb (2,4-dinitro-6-sec-butylphenol) and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), to cutthroat (Salmo clarki) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), the 96-h LC50s ranged from 32 to 1400 μg/liter for dinoseb and from 2050 to 8600 μg/liter for picloram. Decreasing pH from 8.5 to 6.5 increased the toxicity of dinoseb by a factor of 43 and decreased that of picloram by a factor of 0.5. Generally, toxicity increased with increasing water temperature. Sensitivity of both species of fish increased with water hardness in tests of dinoseb but was not affected by water hardness in tests of picloram. The toxicity of both chemicals was not changed by aging in water for up to 4 wk or by exposing the fish longer than 96 h. Rate of yolk sac absorption and growth of lake trout fry was reduced in flow-through tests at concentrations as low as 0.5 μg/litev dinoseb or 35 μg/liter picloram. Chronic toxicity of both compounds on early life stages of lake trout is more significant than might be anticipated on the basis of only acute tests with fingerlings.

Toxicity of an oil dispersant to the early life stages of four California marine species

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1387-1395
Author(s):  
Michael M. Singer ◽  
Deborah L. Smalheer ◽  
Ronald S. Tjeerdema ◽  
Michael Martin
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Oil Dispersant

scholarly journals Effects and Risk Assessment of the Polycyclic Musk Compounds Galaxolide® and Tonalide® on Early Life Stages of Marine Organisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friday Ojie Ehiguese ◽  
M. Judit González-Delgado ◽  
Carmen Garrido-Perez ◽  
Cristiano V.M. Araujo ◽  
Laura Martin-Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Polycyclic Musk ◽  
Larvae Development

The current research investigated the environmental risk of the polycyclic musk compounds, Galaxolide® (HHCB) and Tonalide® (AHTN), in the marine environments. These substances are lipophilic, bioaccumulated and potentially biomagnified in aquatic organisms. To understand the toxicity of HHCB and AHTN, we performed acute toxicity tests by exposing marine microalgae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tretraselmis chuii and Isochrysis galbana), crustaceans (Artemia franciscana), echinoderms (Paracentrotus lividus), bivalves (Mytilus galloprovincialis), fish (Sparus aurata) and a candidate freshwater microalga (Raphidocelis subcapitata) to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.005 - 5 µg/L) following standardized protocols. The effects of both substances on microalgae growth were incipient and only I. galbana was sensitive to HHCB and AHTN, with IC10 values of 5.22 µg/L and 0.328 µg/L, respectively. Significant (p < 0.01) concentration dependent responses were measured in P. lividus and M. galloprovincialis larvae developments as well as S. aurata mortality tested with HHCB. The effect of HHCB on P. lividus larvae development was the most sensitive endpoint recorded, producing an EC50 value of 4.07 µg/L. Our results show that HHCB represents a high risk to P. lividus larvae development for early life stages in marine environments.

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