Effect of cadmium on the embryos and juveniles of a tropical freshwater snail, Physa acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. C. Cheung ◽  
P. K. S. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Physa Acuta ◽  
Ecotoxicological Tests ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

The effects of cadmium on early life stages of a freshwater snail, Physa acuta (Draparnaud), were investigated. The 24- and 48-hour LC50 for embryos were 1.27 mg/l (95% confidence interval: 1.13 - 1.42) and 0.85 mg/l (0.71 - 1.01), respectively. The 24- and 48-hour LC50 for juveniles were 1.32 mg/l (1.13 - 1.54) and 1.05 mg/l (0.81 - 1.36), respectively. An increase in cadmium concentrations at sublethal levels resulted in a significant reduction in embryo growth rate and embryo hatchability. Developmental deformities of the embryos were also observed. The NOEC and LOEC for embryonic growth were 0.32 and 0.50 mg/l, respectively, and the LOEC for hatchability was 0.13 mg/l. These results suggest that embryonic growth and hatchability are useful endpoints in chronic toxicity tests. In addition, the potential use of early life stages of pulmonate snails in ecotoxicological tests is discussed.

Acute Toxicological Consequences of Oil Dispersal To Marine Organisms

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 1031-1033
Author(s):  
Michael M. Singer ◽  
Susan Jacobson ◽  
Maureen Hodgins ◽  
Ronald S. Tjeerdema ◽  
Michael L. Sowby
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Water Accommodated Fractions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

ABSTRACT The acute effects of untreated and chemically dispersed Prudhoe Bay crude oil was investigated using modeledexposure toxicity tests. Testing was accomplished under closed, flow-through conditions using the sensitive early life-stages of two coastal California marine species. Water-accommodated fractions of untreated oil were prepared using low-energy equilibrium methods, whereas chemical dispersions were prepared at somewhat higher energies. Exposure concentrations were measured using gas chromatography. Results showed substantial differences in toxicity both among species, and between dispersed and undispersed oil.

scholarly journals Effects and Risk Assessment of the Polycyclic Musk Compounds Galaxolide® and Tonalide® on Early Life Stages of Marine Organisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friday Ojie Ehiguese ◽  
M. Judit González-Delgado ◽  
Carmen Garrido-Perez ◽  
Cristiano V.M. Araujo ◽  
Laura Martin-Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Polycyclic Musk ◽  
Larvae Development

The current research investigated the environmental risk of the polycyclic musk compounds, Galaxolide® (HHCB) and Tonalide® (AHTN), in the marine environments. These substances are lipophilic, bioaccumulated and potentially biomagnified in aquatic organisms. To understand the toxicity of HHCB and AHTN, we performed acute toxicity tests by exposing marine microalgae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tretraselmis chuii and Isochrysis galbana), crustaceans (Artemia franciscana), echinoderms (Paracentrotus lividus), bivalves (Mytilus galloprovincialis), fish (Sparus aurata) and a candidate freshwater microalga (Raphidocelis subcapitata) to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.005 - 5 µg/L) following standardized protocols. The effects of both substances on microalgae growth were incipient and only I. galbana was sensitive to HHCB and AHTN, with IC10 values of 5.22 µg/L and 0.328 µg/L, respectively. Significant (p < 0.01) concentration dependent responses were measured in P. lividus and M. galloprovincialis larvae developments as well as S. aurata mortality tested with HHCB. The effect of HHCB on P. lividus larvae development was the most sensitive endpoint recorded, producing an EC50 value of 4.07 µg/L. Our results show that HHCB represents a high risk to P. lividus larvae development for early life stages in marine environments.

scholarly journals Dimethoate 40% organosphosphorous pesticide toxicity in Prochilodus lineatus (Prochilodontidae, Characiformes) eggs and larvae

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (2b) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Campagna ◽  
M. N. Eler ◽  
E. L. G. Espíndola ◽  
J. A. Senhorini ◽  
R. F. do Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Ache Inhibitor ◽  
South American ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Prochilodus Lineatus ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Toxicity tests using early life stages of fish are of great importance in assessing risks to growth, reproduction and survival in polluted environments and are important tools for good environmental monitoring. However, a small number of standard bioassays of this type have been developed in Brazil. Curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus) is an abundant South American characid fish of great commercial interest. It was chosen for testing different concentrations of 40% dimethoate, an organophosphate insecticide and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibitor used widely in Brazil. The 48-h LC50 for eggs is higher than 16.0 µg.L-1, whereas for recently hatched larvae it was found to be significantly lower (11.81 µg.L-1, ranging between 10.23 µg.L-1 - 13.65 µg.L-1) and also significantl y lower than that for eggs by a Student t-test for independent samples (p = 0.03). The 96-h LC50 for 3-day old larvae was 10.44 µg.L-1 (8.03 µg.L-1 - 13.57 µg.L-1), similar to that of recently-hatched larvae (p = 0.76). Larval mobility was also found to be reduced by this insecticide.

Acute and chronic toxicity of magnesium to the early life stages of two tropical freshwater mussel species

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 109638
Author(s):  
Linda S. Kleinhenz ◽  
Dayanthi Nugegoda ◽  
Melanie A. Trenfield ◽  
Rick A. van Dam ◽  
Christopher L. Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Mussel Species ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

Evaluation of Tests with Early Life Stages of Fish for Predicting Long-Term Toxicity

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1148-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Aquatic Life

Partial and complete life-cycle toxicity tests with fish, involving all developmental stages, have been used extensively in the establishment of water-quality criteria for aquatic life. During extended chronic exposures of fish to selected toxicants, certain developmental stages have frequently shown a greater sensitivity than others. In 56 life-cycle toxicity tests completed during the last decade with 34 organic and inorganic chemicals and four species of fish, the embryo–larval and early juvenile life stages were the most, or among the most, sensitive. Tests with these stages can be used to estimate the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) within a factor of two in most cases. Therefore, toxicity tests with these early life stages of fish should be useful in establishing water-quality criteria and in screening large numbers of chemicals. Key words: fish, embryos, larvae, chronic toxicity, early life stages

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