DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND NATIONAL PLANNING IN THE CASPIAN SEA AND BLACK SEA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1329-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mark TAYLOR ◽  
Nina SCHNEIDER ◽  
Emmanuel HUNTZINGER ◽  
Patricia CHARLEBOIS
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Regional Plan

ABSTRACT The Caspian Sea and Black Sea regions have witnessed a growth in oil exploration, production and transportation activities, over a period of more than 15 years. Significant quantities of Caspian Sea region crude oil are shipped via Black Sea ports to markets in Europe. This development of the oil and shipping industries has brought a focus on ensuring an appropriate level of oil spill preparedness. Working under the umbrella of the ‘Global Initiative’ (GI) programme, the international community continues to support governments' efforts to build and implement national and regional systems to ensure effective response to major incidents. Recent progress in the Caspian Sea is described, notably the signing in 2011 by the five countries surrounding the Caspian Sea (the littoral States) of a regional agreement for co-operation in case of major oil spills - the so-called ‘Aktau Protocol’ to the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea (“Tehran Convention”). This Protocol is expected to enter into force in 2014 and will provide the legal basis for co-operation between the countries. A regional plan under the Protocol is in final draft and will provide the operational tool for implementation of regional cooperation and coordination procedures. The draft regional plan will be described, including its alignment to the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC) and the promotion of integrated response between governments and industry. National oil spill contingency plans provide the fundamental building blocks for the regional co-operation mechanism. Information will be presented on the recent developments concerning two national plans in the Caspian Sea, i.e. Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. The role of international organizations and the oil industry in supporting the respective government's development of these plans and the opportunities available to assist their implementation is discussed. The on-going biennial Black Sea regional exercise activity is used to illustrate how such a programme facilitates and encourages sustainable oil spill preparedness at the regional level. Information will be presented concerning the 2011 exercise, the key lessons learned and potential developments of the exercise programme in the future.

Oil Spill Preparedness and Co-Operation in the Caspian Sea and Black Sea: Regional Successes and Lessons Learned

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. abs216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mark Taylor ◽  
Patricia Charlebois ◽  
Violeta Velikova ◽  
Frits Schlingemann
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Caspian Sea

INDUSTRY COOPERATION IN AN EMERGING REGION

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 553-557
Author(s):  
Peter M. Taylor ◽  
Kjell T. Landin ◽  
Tim Duckworth ◽  
Jan Pietersz
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
Export Revenue ◽  
And Control ◽  
Response Capability

ABSTRACT During the 1990s, the Caspian Sea, Black Sea and Central Eurasia region emerged as one of the most important new sources of world oil supply, attracting development and providing vital new export revenue. With more growth and investment certain, the countries of the region are able to rely increasingly on the benefits arising from uninterrupted exports. As more oil is handled in the region, the shared desire is to eliminate any spills from these operations. Further to a strong commitment to apply preventive measures, a group of energy companies—working in cooperation with governments—also believe it is prudent to undertake actions that can significantly reduce the consequence of any such incidents. In 2002–03 these companies undertook a comprehensive study and detailed analyses of the state of oil spill preparedness in region. The study found that governments, companies, institutions and stakeholder groups widely agreed on the need for improved response capability. Beyond the significant economic and business risks posed by spills, there is universal concern to better protect the environment and the public. A poor spill response could harm the regions ecology, affect local business and the industry's reputation, with serious repercussions. In line with recommendations from the study, the oil industry launched an initiative to support the efforts of governments and promote regional response capability in mid 2003—the Oil Spill Preparedness Regional Initiative (Caspian Sea—Black Sea—Central Eurasia)—known as OSPRI. OSPRI embraces an overall vision, set out as … Industry and the region's governments work cooperatively to promote proven, credible, integrated, sustainable oil-spill response capability. OSPRI is action-oriented and brings a consistent, aligned approach for industry in its relationship with international and national partners when developing effective preparedness. OSPRI avoids piecemeal approaches and is encouraging planning processes based on clear command and control frameworks, the tiered response philosophy and response policy based on net environmental benefit (IPIECA 2000). This is making a significant contribution towards helping governments and operators achieve best practice in their contingency planning.

Oil pollution in the Caspian Sea coastal waters

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khatoonabadai ◽  
Ahmadreza R. Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
The Caspian Sea

A JOURNEY TO EFFECTIVE RESPONSE: EXPERIENCE FROM KAZAKHSTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 863-878
Author(s):  
Dinara AMANZHOLOVA ◽  
Peter M. TAYLOR ◽  
Zhaxybek KULEKEYEV ◽  
Gulnara NURTAYEVA ◽  
Gulnara DOSPAYEVA
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legislative Amendments ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
International Good

ABSTRACT The Republic of Kazakhstan has an oil production and transport industry of growing global importance; in 2015 crude oil production averaged 1.67 million bbl/day (74 million m3/year). The growth of the oil industry and a changing risk profile has led to an evolution of oil spill preparedness. The national framework has been amended several times due to legislative and administrative changes. The latest National Oil Spill Contingency Plan was approved in 2012, providing impetus for further development through its implementation. This Plan’s policy embraces risk-based preparedness utilizing the full response toolkit. In terms of realizing national policy, important amendments to the Environmental Code in 2016 addressed the following:– Exemption from emission control regulation; legitimate consequences of the response toolkit (such as adding dispersant and a smoke plume resulting from controlled burning) will not be considered as emissions.– Requirement for specific regulation of oil spill methods i.e. dispersant product approval and use authorization and in-situ burning procedures. Industry worked with the authorities to address and develop effective regulation based on international good practices as promoted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and international oil industry associations. The national association Kazenergy provided a vehicle for aligned support across the local industry. Kazakhstan is a member of the regional agreement to protect the Caspian marine environment. Cooperation in case of major oil pollution is being developed, through the implementation of the Aktau Protocol, which entered into force in July 2016. Kazakhstan is also in the process of ratifying the IMO Conventions relating to oil spill preparedness and response. This paper describes the challenging journey to develop an effective response framework, highlighting that the process:– requires champions within authorities to promote legislative amendments;– benefits from alignment of industry through associations as an efficient means to provide support;– is inevitably slowed by governmental re-organization and it is challenging to achieve consensus across different Ministries and departments;– is enhanced where targeted local oil spill research provides credibility and validation of international inputs. Significant commitment is needed to achieve legislative change but the prize it worth it. The result is a robust framework that mandates effective response using the best options to minimize environmental impacts and promote recovery in case of potential oil pollution.

Two species of the genus Theristus Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) from the hypersaline water bodies of the Crimea (Azov-Black Sea basin)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4881 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-382
Author(s):  
TATIANA N. REVKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Hypersaline Water ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Morphological descriptions of two species of the genus Theristus Bastian, 1865 belonging to group flevensis, found in the hypersaline water bodies of the Crimean Peninsula, are presented. Theristus siwaschensis sp. n. is morphologically closest to T. flevensis Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1935, T. parambronensis Timm, 1952, T. macroflevensis Gerlach, 1954, T. metaflevensis Gerlach, 1955, but differs from them by the structure of the reproductive system in females, number of cephalic setae and size of spicules. Specimens of T. flevensis found in the Lake Chersonesskoye are similar to the re-description of a large forms of T. flevensis from Chile by Murhy (1966) and Caspian Sea by Chesunov (1981). However, it differs from the Caspian Sea species by having larger amphids, longer cephalic setae and spicules. T. pratti Murph & Canaris, 1964 and T. ambronensis Schulz, 1937 are synonymized with T. flevensis.

scholarly journals Oil spill detection in the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea with the help of ENVISAT ASAR data

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Holstein ◽  
Martin Kappas ◽  
Pavel Propastin ◽  
Tsolmon Renchin
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil Spill Detection ◽  
Envisat Asar

The problem of invaders in the Caspian Sea in the context of the findings of new zoo- and phytoplankton species from the Black Sea

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Shiganova ◽  
E. I. Musaeva ◽  
L. A. Pautova ◽  
Yu. V. Bulgakova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
The Caspian Sea

scholarly journals Tropical Storm Agnes Pennsylvania's Torrey Canyon

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 569-577
Author(s):  
Robert Kaiser ◽  
Donald Jones ◽  
Howard Lamp'l
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Schuylkill River

ABSTRACT This paper presents the “Agnes Story” disaster as related to the largest inland oil spill experienced in the history of the U.S. and actions taken by EPA in coping with the problem. Contrasted to the massive oceanic spill of the TORREY CANYON, other major ship oil pollution disasters, the Santa Barbara and Gulf of Mexico offshore platform oil spills, the oil pollution resulting from the flooding produced by Tropical Storm Agnes required unprecedented actions by many governmental agencies. The inland rivers of the Middle Atlantic area experienced spills of petroleum products ranging from over 3,000,000 gallons of No. 2 fuel oil, gasoline and kerosene from storage tanks in Big Flats / Elmira, N.Y. (just north of the Pennsylvania border) to 6,000,000–8,000,000 gallons of black, highly metallic waste oil and sludge from an oil reclamation plant on the Schuylkill River. The aftermath of this gigantic inland oil spill was oil and gasoline soaked fields, oil coated trees, farm houses, homes, factories, an airport, and hundreds of stranded oil puddles, ponds and lagoons as the rivers receded to normal levels. The record setting flood stage along several miles of both the Schuylkill and Susquehanna Rivers and their tributaries was recorded vividly ashore on trees and buildings as if by a black grease pencil, drawing attention to the most widespread property damage suffered from the most devastating storm in recorded U.S. history. Cleanup of the spilled oil in the midst of other rescue and restorative actions by Federal, State and Municipal agencies was fraught with emergency response problems including: identification of major impact points, availability of resources for response actions, coordination of response actions, activation of cleanup contractors, meeting administrative requirements, and the structure for making command decisions. Along with these requirements were technical decisions to be made concerning methods of physical removal procedures, containment systems, chemical treating agents and, very importantly, protecting and restoring the environment. Major spill effects and significant cleanup operations, problems encountered, and lessons learned are presented so that future responses can be better and more efficiently dealt with in an inland oil spill disaster comparable to the “Agnes Oil Spill”.

scholarly journals The black sea: the energetic corridor between Europe and Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (35) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Roberto Luis Brocate Pirón ◽  
Jerónimo Rios Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Strategic Interactions ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
European Context ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Bosphorus Strait

The Black Sea is one of the most important geostrategic enclaves in the oil and gas connection linking Asia with Europe and Russia. However, the presence of Turkey on the Bosphorus Strait directly affects how the geo-strategic interactions of the region develop. The crisis in Ukraine has spurred Turkish-Russian relations, positioning the country as a key player in the gas transit to Eurasia and projecting the aspirations of the Kremlin, under President Vladimir Putin has sought to regain an influential weight in the region - as shown by the crisis in Georgia or, more recently, Crimea - especially in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Thus, the following work seeks to put a little light on new relationships and geopolitical aspirations, especially in Russia and Turkey and, likewise, have a direct impact on the European context.

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