scholarly journals Entrance Surface Dose from Pediatric Diagnostic X-ray Examinations in a Developing World Setting: Are We ‘ALARA Principle’ Compliant?

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 2288-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atalabi M.
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alara Principle ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF ENTRANCE SURFACE DOSE (ESD) AS A DOSE PROFILE FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADIOGRAPHY EXAMINATION BASED ON TUBE OUTPUT MEASUREMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Risalatul Latifah ◽  
Muhammad Rosyid ◽  
Firdy Yuana ◽  
Achmad Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Level ◽  
Output Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Profile ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose ◽  
Tube Output

Background: Radiography examinations are the most widely used and indispensable tools in medical imaging. The dose received by the patient should be known to prevent the risk of radiation exposure. Patient dose in radiography examination can be best estimated in terms of entrance surface dose (ESD). ESD value can be obtained by using the recorded dose viewer installed on the device. However,  not all devices have this feature. Other methods can be conducted using thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) although it practically requires a high cost. Purpose: The study aims to estimate the ESD as a dose profile for patients undergoing radiography examination using tube output. Method: The patient data and exposure factors were retrospectively recorded for 263 patients. The ESD was estimated from the measurements of the X-ray tube output and recorded exposure factors.  Results: The ESD value varied from 0.002 to 0.41 mGy. In the thorax PA, thorax LAT, cervical LAT, cervical AP, skull AP, skull LAT, genu LAT and waters was found (0,23±0.05) mGy, (0,09±0,05) mGy, (0,07±0,04) mGy, (0,13±0,08) mGy, (0,03±0,01) mGy, (0,06±0,02) mGy, (0,04±0,00) mGy (0,04±0,02) mGy, respectively. These results were further used to determine the Local Diagnostic Reference Level (LDRL) value. Conclusion:  The results revealed that LDRL fell below the national DRL value and international reference

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Al2O3:C OSL dosimeter towards entrance surface dose measurement in common X-ray diagnostics

2019 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 108418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Musa ◽  
S. Hashim ◽  
S.K. Ghoshal ◽  
N.E. Ahmad ◽  
D.A. Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Dose ◽  
Dose Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose ◽  
Osl Dosimeter

scholarly journals A feasibility study on reduction of the entrance-surface dose to neonates by use of a new digital mobile X-ray system

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Utsunomiya ◽  
Hajime Monzen ◽  
Mami Akimoto ◽  
Nobutaka Mukumoto ◽  
Yoshitomo Ishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose

scholarly journals Patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Ciraj-Bjelac ◽  
Srpko Markovic ◽  
Dusko Kosutic
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work is to assess patient organ doses, effective doses and entrance surface doses in conventional diagnostic radiology procedures for standard adult patient. The survey consists of measurements of doses delivered to 239 patients in nine types of X-ray examinations. Three types of data were collected: X-ray machine data, patient data, and output measurements. Entrance surface dose was assessed based on the survey data and subsequently, using conversion coefficients, the organ doses and effective doses were calculated. Values of the entrance surface dose and the effective dose were estimated to be 0.4 to 5.8 mGy and 0.03 to 3.00 mSv for different examinations. Derived doses were compared with recommended general diagnostic reference levels. The impact of examination parameters on dose values was discussed. Except for posterior-anterior chest examination, all estimated doses are lower than stated reference levels. Survey data are aimed at helping development of national quality control and radiation protection programmed for medical exposures.

Protocol for measurement of patient entrance surface dose rates for fluoroscopic X-ray equipment.

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (852) ◽  
pp. 1283-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Martin ◽  
D G Sutton ◽  
A Workman ◽  
A J Shaw ◽  
D Temperton
Keyword(s):  
Surface Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose

Measurement of Entrance Skin Dose in Radiographic Examinations of Pediatric Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousif Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose ◽  
Entrance Skin Dose ◽  
The Mean

Background: To measure the entrance skin dose in radiographic examinations of pediatric patients in King Khalid Hospital, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia Introduction: Children have been given special attention since they are often regarded as especially vulnerable to potential hazards. The pediatric population is more susceptible to radiation than the adult population for certain tumor types. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the amount of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) received by pediatric patients attending the emergency department. Method: Traumatic department registers for pediatric patients attending the King Khalid hospital (Majmaah, Saudi Arabia) between 1st February and 31st December 2018 were retrospectively studied for all diagnostic (plain radiographs examinations) imaging did on pediatric (<18 years old) trauma patients. The entrance surface dose was used to calculate the total radiation dose for each patient. One hundred and twenty patients encountered the inclusion criteria of the study, and their doses (chest, skull, and extremities) were assessed. Results: The mean of radiation exposure factors were 65.4 ± 7.9 (71.3 – 89.9) and 1.3 ± 0.2 (0.3–2.5) for X-ray tube potential (kVp) and current (mAs), respectively. The measured dose for pediatric patients were 0.10 ± 0.02 (0.09 – 0.37), 0.18 + 0.04 (0.06 -0.59) and 0.09 + 0.03 (0.03 -0.45) for chest, skull, and extremities, respectively. The mean Entrance surface dose received by trauma patients was 0.03-0.59 mGy. 51.7% (62 patients) of the patients received ≤ 0.25 mGy while around 48.3% (58 patients) received ≥ 0.26 mGy radiation dose from those examinations. Conclusion: Trauma patients attending to traumatic radiology department obtain substantial Entrance surface dose from chest, skull, and extremities imaging procedures within their initial assessment. The radiation exposure can also be lowered by optimizing each examination. Therefore more studies are recommended for this task. The results obtained can be used as the basis for local reference dosages for X-ray examinations.

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