The Use of Statistical Methods to Evaluate the Quality of Finishing of Building Products and Construction

The issue related with use of statistical methods in practical work of auditors, for sample studies purposes, is discussed. Detailed description of one method, the method of sequential analysis, is given. It is demonstrated that the required conditions for use of the sequential statistical sample is homogeneity of the population elements and the sample representativeness. Recommendations on defining the homogeneity and number of elements in a sample are given. To assure high quality of a sample study, an auditor needs to set the value of reliability or trust, characterizing the level of requirements to the accuracy of the obtained results which are the input for estimating the distortion and the size of population. The risk of sample as a factor affecting the reliability is described, their causal link is highlighted. The elements are sampled by use of the table of random numbers or computer software. Results of tests of sampled elements and estimated parameters of the population are presented in table and graph forms. Results of tests of each population element are estimated by an auditor, with the distortion of the sum of the sample elements taken as the benchmark. Formulae for computation of the required indexes are given, used at each phase of the study. The algorithm for use of the sequential statistical sample in audit for document verification procedures, and the algorithm for estimating the population parameters by the results of a sample study are shown.

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THE RISKS AND LIABILITY OF PARTICIPANTS OF A CONSTRUCTION PROCESS FOR DEFECTS OF BUILDING PRODUCTS

Technological and Economic Development of Economy ◽

10.3846/13928619.2004.9637666 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sigitas Mitkus

Keyword(s):

Construction Projects ◽

Building Materials ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

The Other ◽

Construction Process ◽

Building Products ◽

Construction Contracts ◽

And Behavior ◽

Mutual Agreement

Sharing of the risk and liability is one of the most important functions of construction contracts. Proper sharing of the risks and liability between the parties of construction contract has a rather big influence on efficiency, quality, and probability of arising disputes between the parties of construction contract in construction projects. A lot of risk exists during the fulfillment of construction projects. One of those risks is the risk of defects of building products. The question of the liability of the parties of construction contract for inappropriate quality of the construction production caused by a bad quality of building products mainly depends on sharing of the risk of defects of building materials in the construction contract. Some aspects of the mentioned risk and liability of the parties of the construction contract might be set by mutual agreement in the construction contract. The other aspects are regulated by imperative norms of the law and the parties of construction contract have not a right to change those imperative conditions of sharing of risks and liability. The article deals with sharing of risk and liability for supplying building products of an improper quality for construction, taking in to account conditions of construction contract, legal regulation and behavior of parties of a construction contract. A tree of forming the alternatives of liability is presented in the article. Liability for supply of defected building products arises not only for parties of a construction contract. The producer (supplier) of building products is responsible for this as well. Variations of liability of the producer (supplier) depending on construction contract conditions are analyzed. A matrix of liability of the producer (supplier) of building products is presented in the article.

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Statistical Methods for Quality of Life Studies

10.1007/978-1-4757-3625-0 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Statistical Methods

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Evaluation of mechanistic and statistical methods in forecasting influenza-like illness

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2018.0174 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (144) ◽

pp. 20180174 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Sasikiran Kandula ◽

Teresa Yamana ◽

Sen Pei ◽

Wan Yang ◽

Haruka Morita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Methods ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Domain Experts ◽

Influenza Activity ◽

The Usa ◽

The Individual

A variety of mechanistic and statistical methods to forecast seasonal influenza have been proposed and are in use; however, the effects of various data issues and design choices (statistical versus mechanistic methods, for example) on the accuracy of these approaches have not been thoroughly assessed. Here, we compare the accuracy of three forecasting approaches—a mechanistic method, a weighted average of two statistical methods and a super-ensemble of eight statistical and mechanistic models—in predicting seven outbreak characteristics of seasonal influenza during the 2016–2017 season at the national and 10 regional levels in the USA. For each of these approaches, we report the effects of real time under- and over-reporting in surveillance systems, use of non-surveillance proxies of influenza activity and manual override of model predictions on forecast quality. Our results suggest that a meta-ensemble of statistical and mechanistic methods has better overall accuracy than the individual methods. Supplementing surveillance data with proxy estimates generally improves the quality of forecasts and transient reporting errors degrade the performance of all three approaches considerably. The improvement in quality from ad hoc and post-forecast changes suggests that domain experts continue to possess information that is not being sufficiently captured by current forecasting approaches.

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Methodological Characteristics of Clinical Trials: Impact of Mandatory Trial Registration

Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.18433/jpps30360 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 131-141

Author(s):

Ashish Kumar Kakkar ◽

Biswa Mohan Padhy ◽

Sudhir Chandra Sarangi ◽

Yogendra Kumar Gupta

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Allocation Concealment ◽

Trial Registration ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Protocols ◽

The Impact

Purpose: Numerous studies across multiple specialties have evaluated the impact of trial registration on quality of study reports and found significant improvements over several domains. However, the impact of mandatory trial registration on the quality of clinical trial protocols remains hitherto unexplored. Methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study of clinical trial applications submitted to drug regulatory authority of India for initial review with the objective of comparing methodological characteristics of their protocols. Since trial registration was made mandatory in the country in June 2009, we selected two study periods as between January 2007 to May 2009 (Period I) and July 2009 to December 2011 (Period II). Seventy-five protocols were randomly selected using a computer-generated list for each study period, making a total of 150 protocols. Data on twelve key methodological characteristics were collected including clearly defined primary outcomes, randomization, blinding, use of control group, statistical methods, handling of withdrawals amongst others. Results: More than 3/4th of the trial applications in the two study periods were for new chemical entities and nearly 90% were pharmaceutical industry sponsored studies. Comparing the period before and after implementation of mandatory trial registration, description of clearly defined trial outcomes improved from nearly 42% to 80% (p<0.001), sample size justifications increased from 38% to 70% (p<0.001) and use of allocation concealment improved from 24% to 49% (p=0.001). Marked improvement was also noted for blinding, description of statistical methods and handling of withdrawals and dropouts. Remaining characteristics did not change significantly between the two study periods. The mean cumulative scores for the study protocols improved significantly from 7± 0.296 in the first period to 8.93± 0.346 (p<0.001) in the second period. Conclusions: Our study found a significant improvement in the methodological quality characteristics of the protocols particularly in elements related to minimization of bias and statistical methods, which could be attributed to mandatory trial registration. Overall, the significant improvement was limited to global clinical trials, and room for improvement was noted for two quality characteristics – proportion of randomized studies and trials adequately describing the generation of allocation sequence.

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Determining the quality of continuous casting from billet caster

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911001034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 110 ◽

pp. 01034

Author(s):

Maria Androsenko ◽

Ekaterina Kulikova ◽

Nail Tyuteryakov ◽

Elena Reshetnikova ◽

Konstantin Pashenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Continuous Casting ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Production Quality ◽

General Purpose ◽

Quality Level ◽

Data Recording ◽

Calculation Data ◽

Billet Caster

There are various methods and practical examples to determine and to evaluate the production quality level. They include measuring, sensory, calculation, data-recording, sociological and expert methods. Among the variety of general-purpose statistical methods, only seven of them are chosen, which are applied by different specialists. They allow timely detecting and showing the problems, revealing the main points to start with, and helping to distribute the efforts to effectively fulfill main tasks.

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The application of statistical methods to control the quality of the contact pairs of electrical connectors

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201712903001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 03001

Author(s):

Konstantin V. Podmasteryev ◽

Vladimir V. Markov ◽

Anna V. Morozova

Keyword(s):

Statistical Methods ◽

Electrical Connectors

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