Overview on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Review

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a neuropathic pain disease characterized by the presence of allodynia, hyperalgesia, sudomotor and vasomotor abnormalities, and trophic alterations. CRPS can be caused by a variety of degrees or types of tissue damage, but it has also been reported in the absence of injury or after lengthy periods of immobility. A fracture is the most prevalent injury linked to the development of CRPS. CRPS is thought to be caused by a complex process involving both the peripheral and central nerve systems, according to a recent acceptance. Patients with CRPS are said to have all of the symptoms of inflammation, including heat, discomfort, redness, and swelling. CRPS symptoms have been greatly reduced by corticosteroids in several clinical studies. The diagnosis of CRPS is mostly dependent on a patient's medical history and clinical examination, which includes a variety of tests that can help rule out other diseases. Given the syndrome's complexity, it's doubtful that focusing on a single mechanism will be successful. Combination therapy, like with other chronic conditions, may be the future of CRPS treatment. In this review we will be looking at disease definition, pathophysiology, and treatment.

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Neuropathic Pain: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

Chronic Pain Management in General and Hospital Practice ◽

10.1007/978-981-15-2933-7_13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 225-247

Author(s):

Mansoor M. Aman ◽

Ammar Mahmoud ◽

Taruna Waghray-Penmetcha

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽

Pain Syndrome

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Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Other Forms of Neuropathic Pain in Children and Adolescents

The Pediatric and Adolescent Knee ◽

10.1016/b978-0-7216-0331-5.50036-7 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 473-486

Author(s):

Charles B. Berde ◽

Senthilkumar Sadhasivam

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽

Pain Syndrome

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Peripheral Neuropathic Pain and Pain Related to Complex Regional Pain Syndrome with and without Fixed Dystonia – Efficient Therapeutic Approach with Local Anesthetics

Local and Regional Anesthesia ◽

10.2147/lra.s229315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Volume 13 ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

Thomas Michels

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽

Local Anesthetics ◽

Therapeutic Approach ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽

Fixed Dystonia

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A Physiotherapeutic, Biopsychosocial Approach to the Management of Patients With Peripheral Neuropathic Pain and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Challenging Neuropathic Pain Syndromes ◽

10.1016/b978-0-323-48566-1.00007-3 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 43-51

Author(s):

John Barbis

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽

Biopsychosocial Approach

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‘Pseudofailure’ of spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain following a new severe noxious stimulus: learning points from a case series of failed spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome and failed back surgery syndrome

British Journal of Pain ◽

10.1177/2049463715622795 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 78-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Samiul Muquit ◽

Ahmad Abdelhai Moussa ◽

Surajit Basu

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽

Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽

Case Series ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Failed Back Surgery Syndrome ◽

Failed Back Surgery ◽

Back Surgery ◽

Learning Points

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Still's Disease and Recurrent Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I: The First Description

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

10.1155/2012/842564 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

César Faillace ◽

Jozélio Freire de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽

Skin Color ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Type I ◽

Still’S Disease ◽

Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽

Still's Disease ◽

First Case ◽

Psychiatric Conditions

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder characterized by neuropathic pain associated with local edema and changes suggestive of autonomic involvement such as altered sweating, skin color, and skin temperature of the affected region. CRPS was described associated with several diseases, such as trauma, psychiatric conditions, and cancer. However, no case associated with Still's disease has been previously described. In this paper, the authors describe the first case of CRPS associated with Still's disease.

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Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS/RSD) and Neuropathic Pain: Role of Intravenous Bisphosphonates as Analgesics

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2008.33 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 229-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jennifer Yanow ◽

Marco Pappagallo ◽

Letha Pillai

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Animal Models ◽

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽

Bone Pain ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Pain Pathways ◽

Intravenous Bisphosphonates

Neuropathic pain is a sequela of dysfunction, injuries, or diseases of the peripheral and/or central nervous system pain pathways, which has historically been extremely difficult to treat. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types 1 and 2 are neuropathic pain conditions that have a long history in the medical literature but whose pathophysiology remains elusive and whose available treatment options remain few. While an exact animal model for CRPS doesn't yet exist, there are several animal models of neuropathic pain that develop behaviors of hypersensitivity, one of the hallmark signs of neuropathic pain in humans.Bisphosphonates have been used for pathologic conditions associated with abnormal bone metabolism, such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease and cancer-related bone pain for many years. More recently, results of clinical trials have indicated the potential role of bisphosphonates in the treatment of CRPS/RSD.In this paper we will review the preclinical studies regarding the use of bisphosphonates as analgesics in animal models of neuropathic pain, and also summarize the clinical trials that have been done to date. We will give an overview of bisphosphonate pharmacology and discuss several potential mechanisms by which bisphosphonates may be analgesic in CRPS/RSD and bone pain of noncancer origin.

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