A major challenge in the development of multi-vendor HVDC networks are converter control interactions. While recent publications have reported interoperability issues such as persistent oscillations for first multi-vendor HVDC setups with AC-side coupling, multi-terminal HVDC networks are expected to face similar challenges. To investigate DC-side control interactions and mitigate possible interoperability issues, several methods based on the converters’ and DC network’s impedances have been proposed in literature. For DC network’s impedance modelling, most methods require detailed knowledge of all converters’ design and controls. However, in multi-vendor HVDC networks, converter control parameters are not expected to be shared due to proprietary reasons. Therefore, to facilitate impedance-based stability analyses in multi-vendor MTDC networks, methods that do not require the disclosure of the existing converter controls are needed. Here, detailed impedance measurements can be applied; however, they are time-consuming and require new measurement for a single configuration change. This paper proposes an equivalent impedance calculation method suitable for multi-vendor DC networks, which for available black-box models or converter impedance characteristics can be modularly applied for various network configurations, including different control settings and operating points, while significantly reducing the required time for obtaining an equivalent DC network impedance.
An Equivalent Impedance Characteristics Analysis System for Human-machine Systems
