scholarly journals Tracing the lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 81-117
Author(s):  
Mike Copper ◽  
Derek Hamilton ◽  
Alex Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Project Tracing

This article presents the results of the recent Historic Environment Scotland-funded project Tracing the Lines: Uncovering Grooved Ware Trajectories in Neolithic Scotland addressing the timing and nature of the adoption, development and ultimate demise of Grooved Ware in Scotland beyond Orkney. Following analysis within a Bayesian framework of over a hundred Grooved Ware-associated radiocarbon dates from Scotland beyond Orkney, evidence is presented that Grooved Ware pottery very closely related to Orcadian prototypes began spreading rapidly between key locales across Scotland towards the end of the 4th millennium BC. This was followed by a process of stylistic drift with regional variations. The so-called Durrington Walls sub-style was introduced some 200 years after the earliest Grooved Ware and is an exception to this pattern of gradual change. Our modelling suggests that the latest Scottish Grooved Ware has a currency that overlaps with the earliest Beakers by between 1 and 145 years and probably between 1 and 60 years. View supplementary material here: Supplementary material | References | Table S1 | Illus S40 Extracted Element

scholarly journals INFERENCE FROM LARGE SETS OF RADIOCARBON DATES: SOFTWARE AND METHODS

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico R Crema ◽  
Andrew Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Large Sets ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Main Paper ◽  
Open Source Software Package ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Reproducible Analysis

ABSTRACT The last decade has seen the development of a range of new statistical and computational techniques for analysing large collections of radiocarbon (14C) dates, often but not exclusively to make inferences about human population change in the past. Here we introduce rcarbon, an open-source software package for the R statistical computing language which implements many of these techniques and looks to foster transparent future study of their strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, we review the key assumptions, limitations and potentials behind statistical analyses of summed probability distribution of 14C dates, including Monte-Carlo simulation-based tests, permutation tests, and spatial analyses. Supplementary material provides a fully reproducible analysis with further details not covered in the main paper.

scholarly journals A Bayesian Framework for Age Modeling of Radiocarbon-Dated Peat Deposits: Case Studies from the Netherlands

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Blaauw ◽  
Ronald Bakker ◽  
J Andres Christen ◽  
Valerie A Hall ◽  
Johannes van der Plicht
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Tephra Layer ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Peat Deposits

Recently, Bayesian statistical software has been developed for age-depth modeling (“wiggle-match dating”) of sequences of densely spaced radiocarbon dates from peat cores. The method is described in non-statistical terms, and is compared with an alternative method of chronological ordering of 14C dates. Case studies include the dating of the start of agriculture in the northeastern part of the Netherlands, and of a possible Hekla-3 tephra layer in the same country. We discuss future enhancements in Bayesian age modeling.

A Roman Marching Camp in Ayr

Britannia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 330-349
Author(s):  
Iraia Arabaolaza
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Supplementary Material

ABSTRACT26 carefully positioned fire-pits indicate the location of a Roman marching camp situated near a river crossing and on a terrace of the river Ayr, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Radiocarbon dates from six of the pits provided dates ranging from 2 b.c. to a.d. 231, with an overlap around the Flavian period (a.d. 77–86 to 90). There is some evidence for the clay superstructure of ovens, and botanical evidence for the fuel used and crops cooked. Supplementary Material available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X19000059.

scholarly journals Peelhill Farm

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 355-384
Author(s):  
Tobias Mörtz ◽  
Matthew G Knight ◽  
Trevor Cowie ◽  
Jane Flint
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Supplementary Material

The hoard of bronze weapons found in 1961 at Peelhill Farm in South Lanarkshire remains one of the most remarkable discoveries of Late Bronze Age metalwork from Scotland, its importance reflected in the detailed account of the find published by John Coles and Jack Scott in 1963. In the present paper, the contents, location and significance of the discovery are reassessed in the light of more recent approaches to research on hoards. In particular, the renewed investigation provided fresh insights into the use and treatment of the artefacts prior to their deposition, while the local topography may have influenced the choice of location to a greater degree than previously assumed. Radiocarbon dates indicate a likely date in the 9th century BC. Taken together, Peelhill Farm and the related find of metalwork from Duddingston Loch, Edinburgh, comprise the northernmost representatives of a group of weapon-dominated hoards mainly recorded in southern Britain. In view of the bias towards martial equipment in their composition, it is argued that the evidence of unrepaired impact marks, and deliberate damage by bending, breaking and burning, all assume greater significance than hitherto recognised. Taken together with what may be assumed to be intentional placement of the artefacts into a boggy setting, the deposition at Peelhill Farm is interpreted as a weapon sacrifice after a warlike event rather than as a ‘scrap hoard’ as once thought. View supplementary material here.

New Insights into the Radiocarbon Chronology of Iberian Megalithic Societies: The tholos-type Tombs of Mojácar (Almería, Spain)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Aranda Jiménez ◽  
María Dolores Camalich Massieu ◽  
Dimas Martín Socas ◽  
Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla ◽  
Derek Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology

In 2012, the authors undertook a radiocarbon dating programme to explore the chronology of southern Iberian megalithic societies. Thirty new radiocarbon dates were obtained for two tholos-type tombs, Loma de Belmonte and Loma del Campo 2, and analysed within a Bayesian framework. Results are discussed in the context of the prehistoric societies of the region and four main conclusions were reached: i) in both tombs, mortuary activity started in the last century of the fourth millennium although with significant differences in their timespan; ii) funerary rituals ended in Loma de Belmonte at least five centuries later than in Loma del Campo 2; iii) the tholoi can be considered the most recent type of tomb compared to other megalithic monuments with mortuary activity beginning in the first centuries of the fourth millennium; iv) the largest and most prominent settlement of the region, Las Pilas, was closely associated with this funerary and sacred landscape.

Iron Age Chronology in Israel: Results from Modeling with a Trapezoidal Bayesian Framework

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharen Lee ◽  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
Amihai Mazar
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

Bayesian methods have been widely used to address the Iron Age chronological debate in Israel, which has implications for the entire eastern Mediterranean Iron Age chronology. However, a consensus has not been reached. This is largely because radiocarbon dates of materials in this period lie on an oscillation in the calibration curve. This study focuses on the modeling of 14C dates from the Iron I and Iron II periods, discusses the underlying assumptions and limitations of existing Bayesian chronologies, and proposes the use of a more appropriate model that allows for the phase transitions not being instantaneous. The new trapezoidal model sheds light on the probable duration of the transitions between the Iron Age phases.

New insights on the geological evolution of palaeorivers and their relationship to Indus Civilization and Early Historic settlements on the plains of Haryana, NW India

2021 ◽  
pp. SP515-2020-161
Author(s):  
Apurva Alok ◽  
N. C. Pant ◽  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Y. Tsutsumi ◽  
C. A. Petrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Indus Civilization ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Northwest India ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
Early Historic

AbstractThe Quaternary sediments and landscapes of the plains of north-western Haryana and the ancient settlement mounds distributed across them have great potential to reveal the history of the evolution and disappearance of palaeorivers and their relationship to the Indus Civilization and Early Historic periods in northwest India. There are numerous palaeochannels in Haryana, and their distribution and burial in the subsurface creates difficulties for accessing the archives and proxies necessary for developing insight into the timing of river flow and shift, and its relationship to settled populations. This paper investigates the deep and shallow subsurface sedimentary lithology of an area around Sirsa that is close to the course of the modern Ghagghar River. The paper presents additional age constraints provided by dates from the site of Rakhigarhi and examines a sedimentary substrate of a new archeological mound situated on the palaeochannel identified at a mound near Dhir village. New AMS radiocarbon dates of drifted charcoal from natural and cultural strata suggest human activity and/or natural burning in this region as early as 10405 to 10190 cal BP (8455 to 8240 cal BC). The substrate sediments recorded at Dhir mound indicate flooding events after the urban phase of the Indus Civilization.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5604984

Regional variations in deaths from volatile solvent abuse in Great Britain

Addiction ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1765-1772
Author(s):  
A. Esmail ◽  
B. Warburton ◽  
J. M. Bland ◽  
H. R. Anderson ◽  
J. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Solvent Abuse
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