Eigenstate Transition of Multi-Channel Time Series Data around Earthquakes

To decrease human and economic damage owing to earthquakes, it is necessary to discover signals preceding earthquakes. We focus on the concept of “early warning signals” developed in bifurcation analysis, in which an increase in the variances of variables precedes its transition. If we can treat earthquakes as one of the transition phenomena that moves from one state to the other state, this concept is useful for detecting earthquakes before they start. We develop a covariance matrix from multi-channel time series data observed by an observatory on the seafloor and calculate the first eigenvalue and corresponding eigenstate of the matrix. By comparing the time dependence of the eigenstate to some past earthquakes, it is shown that the contribution from specific observational channels to the eigenstate increases before earthquakes, and there is a case in which the eigenvalue increases as predicted in early warning signals. This result suggests the first eigenvalue and eigenstate of multi-channel data are useful to identify signals preceding earthquakes.

Some Eigenvalues Estimate for the ϕ -Laplace Operator on Slant Submanifolds of Sasakian Space Forms

This paper is aimed at establishing new upper bounds for the first positive eigenvalue of the ϕ -Laplacian operator on Riemannian manifolds in terms of mean curvature and constant sectional curvature. The first eigenvalue for the ϕ -Laplacian operator on closed oriented m -dimensional slant submanifolds in a Sasakian space form M ~ 2 k + 1 ε is estimated in various ways. Several Reilly-like inequalities are generalized from our findings for Laplacian to the ϕ -Laplacian on slant submanifold in a sphere S 2 n + 1 with ε = 1 and ϕ = 2 .

The dual eigenvalue problems of the conformable fractional Sturm–Liouville problems

In this paper, we are concerned with the eigenvalue gap and eigenvalue ratio of the Dirichlet conformable fractional Sturm–Liouville problems. We show that this kind of differential equation satisfies the Sturm–Liouville property by the Prüfer substitution. That is, the nth eigenfunction has $n-1$ n − 1 zero in $( 0,\pi ) $ ( 0 , π ) for $n\in \mathbb{N}$ n ∈ N . Then, using the homotopy argument, we find the minimum of the first eigenvalue gap under the class of single-well potential functions and the first eigenvalue ratio under the class of single-barrier density functions. The result of the eigenvalue gap is different from the classical Sturm–Liouville problem.

Characterization of Lagrangian Submanifolds by Geometric Inequalities in Complex Space Forms

In this paper, we give an estimate of the first eigenvalue of the Laplace operator on a Lagrangian submanifold M n minimally immersed in a complex space form. We provide sufficient conditions for a Lagrangian minimal submanifold in a complex space form with Ricci curvature bound to be isometric to a standard sphere S n . We also obtain Simons-type inequality for same ambient space form.