Александр Андреевич Комаров
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Владимир Леонидович Малкин
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Владимир Александрович Угорелов
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Руслан Андреевич Загуменников
Пролив пожароопасных жидкостей на свободную поверхность является одним из наиболее опасных сценариев аварии, приводящей к пожару. Для решения задачи по оценке параметров такого пролива было использовано численное интегрирование уравнений сохранения методом Годунова, на примере растекания пожароопасной жидкости по бетонному основанию. Возможности метода численного интегрирования позволяют спрогнозировать размеры пролива на текущий момент времени. Результаты расчета показали, что пролив объемом 245 м в течение 4-5 мин достигает равновесного состояния, после чего площадь зеркала пролива практически не увеличивается.
Nowadays, various containers are used for storage and transportation of fire hazardous liquids. It is impossible to eliminate completely the possibility of tank depressurization and the scenarios associated with their destruction should be taken into account when developing technical solutions and organizational measures aimed at minimizing the possible consequences of such accidents. As a result of the flammable liquid spreading a mirror of the flood can form, from which subsequently the evaporation of combustible products occurs, which, when mixed with air, forms explosive mixtures. At a fuel concentration in the cloud above the upper limit of flame propagation, a fire development characterized by a flash fire is possible. If the concentration of vapors in the mixture with air is inside the concentration region of the flame propagation, a deflagration explosion is possible. In both cases, a flood fire can occur characterized by the formation of a high temperature flame. The initial task in predicting such accidents is to determine the surface area of the spilled liquid from which evaporation can occur. To solve this problem it is necessary to solve the hydraulic problem associated with the fluid spreading on a free surface having hydraulic resistance. Similar problems were solved in the practice of building design while determining the parameters of water movement along a dry riverbed. One of the forms of solution is the method of numerical integration of the conservation equations with the Godunov method, which is effective in solving problems of gas dynamics, as well as hydraulic problems. The calculation results showed that this method is applicable to the considered problem of forming a fire hazardous liquid flood on a free surface. Also, the results of the work indicate that a very significant volume of the fire hazardous liquid flood (245 m) reaches quickly enough a quasi-equilibrium state with a flood thickness of 0.03 ч 0.04 m.