Smith culminated his metaphysics of translation in the rites of the Nauvoo temple in the early 1840s. The temple rites were a striking combination of Smith’s targums, the Hebrew and Christian Bibles, Freemasonry, ancient mystery religions, and his sense about the connections of humans and texts. This liturgy was Smith’s final rereading of the Hebrew Bible’s primeval history, and it pulled his followers to Eden and thence to heaven as transformed, divine beings. These rites were an apotheosis not just of Smith’s followers but also of his metaphysics of translation. In the temple, Smith worked to define space and time in terms of human beings. In an echo of Hebrew genealogies, Smith measured time in parental bonds effected by a force he called priesthood. These bonds at the base of time tied God to humanity and humans to each other.