Understanding Graduate Student Parents: Influence of Parental Status, Gender, and Major on Graduate Students’ Motivation, Stress, and Satisfaction

Graduate student parents are a unique subpopulation in higher education that accounts for a large proportion of graduate students. While student parents struggle to balance multiple roles, female students in STEM fields may face more significant barriers in balancing family and academic responsibilities compared to male graduate student parents or female students in non-STEM fields. Despite the urgent need to support this special population, little attention has been paid to how parental status, major, and gender affect graduate students. In this quantitative study of 545 graduate students, we examined the influence of parental status, major, and gender on motivation, stress, and satisfaction. A series of factorial ANOVAs found significant differences in motivation and mental health between graduate student parents and non-parents. Our findings highlight the importance of providing adequate resources to graduate students according to their status.

Role of Psychology Treatment in "Anxiety Disorder"

In order to manage the emotional and psychological problems in special population such as mental retardation. HIV positive cases and so on. A comprehensive management of this type of cases includes psychotherapy. Here it is necessary to know about this concept and its beauty in various disorders. It is a psychological method which is called psychotherapy (Talking Cure). Psychotherapy is a systematic attempt to manage the mental and emotional disorders with the help of psychological means a variant of this approach came in 1960s. Which was called cognitive behavior therapy. Recent days this approached has been brought revolution in management of psychological, behavioral and emotional problems. This paper will enhance our knowledge regarding status of psychological method in various disorders and mental illnesses.

Literacy and Deaf and Hard of Hearing Multilingual Learners

Deaf and hard of hearing multilingual learners (DMLs) face challenges when acquiring literacy. This is compounded by issues such as immigration. Educators and school leaders face difficulties serving these students in a culturally responsive way. The authors highlight the barriers faced by these students and provide strategies that promote literacy. Evidence-based strategies that involve collaboration with other learners on how to provide literacy skills are provided. Vignettes that bring to light issues and strategies that provide solutions to achieving literacy with deaf and hard of hearing multilingual learners have been included. The benefits of family collaboration are presented and strategies included to engage the family in increasing student achievement in reading and writing. Resources and tools are included. This chapter supports the book's objective: to support teachers, teacher preparation professionals, and other stakeholders to acquire the knowledge, skills, and dispositions to teach this special population.

Nutritional Considerations for Para-Cycling Athletes: A Narrative Review

Para-cycling is a sport including athletes with different disabilities competing on the track and on the roads using bicycles, tandems, tricycles, and handbikes. Scientific literature in this special population is scarce, especially in the field of sports nutrition. This review summarizes the physiological aspects and demands of para-cycling. This information together with the existing literature on nutritional interventions in this population, helps to discuss the nutritional considerations. To date, only a limited amount of recommendations are available for this population. In most para-cycling athletes, a reduction in active muscle mass and consequently a reduction in resting energy expenditure occurs, except for visually impaired athletes. Furthermore, carbohydrate and protein intake and hydration, supplementation, heat, and weight loss need to be tailored to the disability-specific adaptations such as the reduced active muscle mass, neurogenic bladder, and bowel, a reduced metabolic cost during exercise, and a higher risk of micronutrient deficiency.

Application of Single-Hole Laparoscopy and Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging in Early Endometrial Carcinoma in Special Population

Aim. To explore the clinical efficacy of single-hole laparoscopy combined with sentinel lymph node imaging in the treatment of early endometrial carcinoma in a special population. Method. A retrospective analysis was made on the clinicopathological data of 8 patients with early endometrial carcinoma who underwent extra fascial total hysterectomy plus double adnexal resection and pelvic sentinel lymphadenectomy by transumbilical single-hole laparoscopy in Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Apr. 2019 to Apr. 2021. Result. Single-hole laparoscopy and sentinel lymph node imaging were successfully performed in 8 patients with early endometrial carcinoma, and none of them was converted to porous or laparotomy. At the same time, all 8 patients have a high demand for body shape. All FIGO pathological grades were grade I before operation. Operation time is 160.87 ± 40.61 min , amount of bleeding is 68.75 ± 12.31 ml , the catheter was removed for 2 days, anal exhaust time is 30.13 ± 10.99 h , and postoperative hospital stay is 4.00 ± 1.07 d . There was no related organ injury during the operation, no case of blood transfusion, or case of poor wound healing. The evaluation of postoperative satisfaction was very satisfactory. Conclusion. The application of single-hole laparoscopy and sentinel lymph node imaging in the treatment of early endometrial carcinoma in the special population should be safe and feasible with high satisfaction.

Turning Advocacy into Action: Inclusive Makerspaces

Advocacy in the school library typically includes securing funding, collection development that is representative of special populations, and campus leadership roles. The librarian can, and should, create services and programs that are inclusive and supportive of special populations. One special population of students that are often overlookded in the secondary school library are special education (SPED) students. Special education students can have a variety of cognitive or physical disabilities that make the act of learning more difficult without the proper support.

Framework for the Design of Cannabis-Mediated Phase I Drug-Drug Interaction Studies

: Cannabis has become legal in much of the United States similarly to many other countries, for either recreational or medical use. The use of cannabis products is rapidly increasing while the body of knowledge of its myriad of effects still lags. In vitro and clinical data show that cannabis’ main constituents, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, can affect the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and pharmacodynamics (PD) of other drugs. Within the context of clinical drug development, the widespread and frequent use of cannabis products has essentially created another special population; that is, the cannabis user. We propose that all clinical drug development programs include a Phase 1 study to assess the drug-drug interaction potential of cannabis as a precipitant on the PK, safety and if applicable, the PD of all new molecular entities (NMEs) in a combination of healthy adult subjects as well as frequent and infrequent cannabis users. This data should be required to inform drug labeling and aid health care providers in treating any patient, as cannabis has quickly become another common concomitant medication and cannabis users, a new special population.