OVERTON-RESONANT SINGING BASIS OF COMPOSITOR LANGUAGE (OVERTONE-RESONANT BASIS OF COMPOSITOR LANGUAGE)

The article substantiates the embodiment of the traditional overtone intonational song beginning in the composer’s work. The application of the main acoustic features of an authentic timbre is described, such as compression, the presence of «specific resonances», reliance on the vocal position and inharmonic overtones. The main composer’s task is to create a piece of music that would imitate or reproduce the resonance characteristic of the folk singing tradition — the overtone. The research is based on the method of sound-acoustic measurement of an audio signal. The work was performed using the Reaper V4,581 audio editor software (Digital Audio Workstation) and a spectrograph built into the Reaper brand iZotop Ozon5 Advansed. This model of the spectrograph allows you to see the spectrogram of the investigated audio material in 3D format and color image, which more accurately reflects the measurements of the vibration frequency of the sound wave, and is also equipped with a broadband FFT analyzer. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the consideration of composer folklorism from the point of view of the timbre acoustic model of authentic singing, and the adaptation of expressive means is investigated not within the framework of the style and manner of the melodic presentation of the material of individual composers, but from the point of view of the timbre content of the folklore voice. The article shows how the influence of ethno-singing on composer’s creativity is revealed through the prism of authentic timbre and the given spectral examples.

Identifying reflector azimuth from borehole multicomponent cross-dipole acoustic measurement

The borehole dipole shear-wave reflection imaging method has a high potential in heterogeneous reservoir explorations because of its deep investigation depth and relatively large reflection amplitude. However, the generally used shear horizontal (SH) reflection approach can only indicate the reflector strike and has an inherent defect in azimuth ambiguity. We have developed a multicomponent cross-dipole array acoustic measurement with four azimuthally distributed receiver arrays and a method using reflected dipole P-waves to eliminate the azimuth ambiguity caused by the SH reflection. The recorded data includes cross-dipole waves with four components and two combined dipole-monopole waves that stack the data of the four azimuthally distributed receivers induced by each dipole source. A theoretical analysis indicates that the dipole compressional reflection is sensitive to the reflector azimuth. Therefore, the cross-dipole waves are first used to determine the reflective interface strike with the SH reflection. The compressional reflections obtained from both the cross-dipole data and the combined dipole-monopole data are then processed to identify the correct azimuth. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method are validated via both synthetic and field data examples in a soft formation. The proposed method may potentially solve the azimuth ambiguity problem in borehole acoustic reflection imaging and fully use cross-dipole acoustic measurements.