Radiometric Measurement Techniques for in-Depth Characterization of Photoreactors - Part 2: 3 Dimensional and Integral Radiometry

To allow for a 3 dimensional analysis of the radiation field, a previously presented radiometric scanning device is extended by an additional scanning axis. With this tool, 3D data of...

Radiometric Measurement Techniques for in-Depth Characterization of Photoreactors - Part 1: 2 Dimensional Radiometry

This contribution presents a spatially resolving radiometric scanning method for the evaluation of the radiation field of photochemical reactors. By moving a calibrated spectrometer, a virtual canvas is created, capturing...

Spectral and Radiometric Measurement Requirements for Inland, Coastal and Reef Waters

This paper studies the measurement requirements of spectral resolution and radiometric sensitivity to enable the quantitative determination of water constituents and benthic parameters for the majority of optically deep and optically shallow waters on Earth. The spectral and radiometric variability is investigated by simulating remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) spectra of optically deep water for twelve inland water scenarios representing typical and extreme concentration ranges of phytoplankton, colored dissolved organic matter and non-algal particles. For optically shallow waters, Rrs changes induced by variable water depth are simulated for fourteen bottom substrate types, from lakes to coastal waters and coral reefs. The required radiometric sensitivity is derived for the conditions that the spectral shape of Rrs should be resolvable with a quantization of 100 levels and that measurable reflection differences at at least one wavelength must occur at concentration changes in water constituents of 10% and depth differences of 20 cm. These simulations are also used to derive the optimal spectral resolution and the most sensitive wavelengths. Finally, the Rrs spectra and their changes are converted to radiances and radiance differences in order to derive sensor (noise-equivalent radiance) and measurement requirements (signal-to-noise ratio) at the water surface and at the top of the atmosphere for a range of solar zenith angles.

Lunar Radiometric Measurement Based on Observing China Chang’E-3 Lander with VLBI—First Insight

China Chang’E-3 performed soft landing at the plains of Sinus Iridum on lunar surface on December 14th 2013 successfully; it opened a new window for observing lunar surface with radiometric tracking which many lunar scientific researchers always pursue for. Since July 2014, OCEL (Observing Chang’E-3 Lander with VLBI) project has been conducted jointly by IVS (International VLBI Service of Geodesy and Astrometry) and BACC (Beijing Aerospace Control Center), a global IVS R&D network augmented with two China Deep Space Stations configured for OCEL. This paper presents the current status and preliminary result of the OCEL and mainly focuses on determination of the lander position, which is about 7 meter in height and 14 meter in plane of lunar surface with respect to LRO (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter). Based on accuracy analysis, further optimized OCEL sessions will make use of this target-of-opportunity, the Chang’E-3 lunar lander, as long as it is working. With higher accurate radiometric observables, more prospective contribution to earth and lunar science is expected by combining with LLR.