<p>The
synthesis of a variety of novel, rather stable and potentially bioactive
nucleoside analogs and nucleotide mimetics based on xylofuranose scaffolds and
comprising a 1,2,3-triazole moiety
as a surrogate for a nucleobase or a phosphate group is reported. Isonucleosides
embodying a 3-<i>O</i>-(benzyltriazolyl)methyl
moiety at C-3 were accessed by using the Cu(I)-catalyzed “click” 1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition between 3-<i>O</i>-propargyl-1,2-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene-α-D-xylofuranose
and benzyl azide as the key step. Related isonucleotides comprising a phosphate
or a phosphoramidate moiety at C-5 were obtained via 5-<i>O</i>-phosphorylation of acetonide-protected 3-<i>O</i>-propargyl xylofuranose followed by “click” cycloaddition or by Staudinger
reaction of a 5ʹ-azido <i>N</i>-benzyltriazole
isonucleoside with triethyl phosphite, respectively. Hydroxy, amino- or bromomethyl triazole 5ʹ-isonucleosides
were synthesized through thermal cycloaddition between 5-azido 3-<i>O</i>-benzyl/dodecyl-1,2-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene-α-D-xylofuranoses
and propargyl alcohol, propargylamine or propargyl bromide, respectively. The
regiochemical outcome of the cycloaddition reactions was influenced by nature
of the alkyne hetero substituent (alkyne CH<sub>2</sub>X substituent). The 5´-isonucleosides were converted into
their [(xylofuranos-5-yl)triazolyl]methyl
phosphate, phosphoramidate and phosphonate derivatives as prospective sugar
diphosphate mimetics by an appropriate method involving treatment with diethyl
phosphorochloridate or a Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction. 4-Phosphonomethyl-1-xylofuranos-5ʹ-yl triazoles
were converted into 1,2-<i>O</i>-acetyl glycosyl donors and
subsequently subjected to nucleosidation with uracil leading to the
corresponding uracil nucleoside 5ʹ-(triazolyl)methyl phosphonates, whose structure
potentially mimics that of a nucleoside diphosphate. </p>
<p><b> </b></p>