A Mathematical Interpretation of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition

International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD3) provides definition of headache disorders that can be used to construct a mathematical basis for headache classification. We seek to construct a theoretical framework for such a construction.Headache and facial pain conditions are interpreted as bundles of phenotypes. ICHD3 diagnoses are then defined as sets. We proceed to show that observations, in the form of theorems, can be proved with our set theoretic construction for the ICHD3.The all-present “not accounted for by another ICHD3 diagnosis” criterion must be removed in order for our system to be set theoretic consistent. Furthermore, our system can be used to construct a categorical approach to headache medicine in the tradition of category theory.Mathematical interpretation of ICHD3 is possible and may provide significant implication for understanding the structure and organization of headache diagnostic classification.

IMPACT OF COGNITIVE SPECIFIC DISORDERS ON STUDENTS ' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

There are many cognitive factors that affect academic performance among students. In this article we will look at such specific learning disorders like dyslexia and dysgraphia. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of specific cognitive development disorders on students' academic performance. The study assessed the genetic mechanisms and functions of the brain in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Based on their data from cognitive science and neuroscience. Using a categorical approach, tested 100 students for the presence of dyslexia and dysgraphia. We have developed a special questionnaire that includes 50 questions. As a result, dyslexia accounted for 7% of the total number of students, dysgraphy accounted for 5%, and the rest of the students did not have cognitive disorders. Next, we worked on a training program for students with specific cognitive disorders. Out of the total number of students with cognitive disorders, 83% of students completed their tasks after the special course, and 41% of students completed their tasks before the special course. Thus, the undoubted role of the special program in improving the quality of students ' academic performance is highlighted. The data obtained during the study indicate the need to implement this program, which helps to overcome the problems associated with the categorical approach, taking into account the interacting genetic mechanisms and brain functions in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders.

Comparison of categorical and dimensional approaches to the diagnosis of personality disorders

Summary. Objective: A comparative study of the personality structure from the perspective the Five-factor personality model (“Big Five”) in mentally healthy and in people with personality disorders depending on the leading radical determined by the clinical method.Materials and methods: a comparative study of personality structures in the mentally healthy (13 people) and in individuals with personality disorders (47 people) was carried out. To assess the personality structure, the NEO-Five Factor Inventory questionnaire was used. Persons with personality disorders were divided into groups in accordance with the leading radical: 24 — with emotionally unstable; 13 — with a histrionic; 6 — with schizoid; 4 — with paranoid radicals.Results: There were no differences in the values of the domains of the Five-Factor personality model between a group of individuals with personality disorders and the norm. The features of domain indicators of the Five-factor personality model were revealed in individuals with personality disorder depending on theradical.Conclusion: The NEO-Five Factor Inventory questionnaire, like most other tools from the perspective of the Five-Factor Model, is not suitable for assessing a person in terms of assigning it to variants of a mental disorder. When comparing the categorical and dimensional approaches to assessing the structure of personality disorders, it was found that the obligate personality traits identified using the categorical approach are fully reflected in the «Big Five» in individuals with a leading schizoid radical. The relations of obligate personal traits with the domains of the Five-factor model of personality in individuals with other (paranoid, histrionic,and emotionally unstable) radicals are less clear.

The Good-Faith Purchase Doctrine in 247 Jurisdictions

Scholars have argued that reasonable persons can disagree on what the most sensible good-faith purchase doctrine is. Indeed, using hand-coded data on this doctrine in 247 jurisdictions, this article finds that this doctrine has hardly converged-there are at least 23 different variants of this doctrine, from “no good faith required” to “good faith is all the purchaser needs.” The 23 variants can be grouped into three clusters: the categorical approach, under which stolen goods always revert back to original owners; the binary approach, under which the distinction between stolen and non-stolen goods matters, but stolen goods do not always revert; and the unitary approach, under which there is no distinction between stolen and non-stolen goods.

Robert Kendell: his career and contribution to psychiatric diagnosis

This paper reviews the career of Robert Kendell with emphasis on his contribution to diagnosis in psychiatry. His studies on the classification of depression showed that symptoms were distributed on a continuum and that division of depression into sub-types was not justified. Similarly he showed there was no clear-cut distinction between symptoms of schizophrenia and affective psychoses. He examined Scadding’s definition of disease as it applied to psychiatry and questioned whether some conditions such as neuroses and personality disorders would qualify as illnesses. He concluded that available evidence supported a dimensional rather than a categorical approach to diagnosis.

The centrality of disclosure decisions to the illness experience for youth with chronic conditions: A qualitative study

The aim of this paper is to illuminate findings of disclosure experiences for youth living with chronic illness using a non-categorical approach. The findings were derived from a larger qualitative study framed by social constructivist grounded theory that sought to understand youth’s involvement in healthcare decision-making in the context of chronic illness. Fifty-four youth participated in the study, ranging from 9 to 24 years. Three main themes representing the youth’s perspectives and experiences of disclosing chronic illness were identified: (1) disclosure is central to the illness experience; (2) spectrum of disclosure; and (3) navigating others’ reactions to disclosure. The findings reinforce that more emphasis on decisions related to disclosing illness in research and clinical care for youth with chronic conditions is warranted.