Geology of Chief Joseph Pass, Wyoming: Crest of Rattlesnake Mountain anticline and escape path of the Eocene Heart Mountain slide

ABSTRACT Rattlesnake Mountain is a Laramide uplift cored by Archean gneiss that formed by offset along two reverse faults with opposing dips, the result being an asymmetric anticline with a drape fold of Cambrian–Cretaceous sediments. Rattlesnake Mountain was uplifted ca. 57 Ma and was a structural buttress that impeded motion of upper-plate blocks of the catastrophic Heart Mountain slide (49.19 Ma). North of Pat O’Hara Mountain anticline, Rattlesnake Mountain anticline has a central graben that formed ca. 52 Ma (U-Pb age on vein calcite in normal faults) into which O- and C-depleted fluids propagated upward with hydrocarbons. The graben is defined by down-dropped Triassic Chugwater shales atop the anticline that facilitated motion of Heart Mountain slide blocks of Paleozoic limestones dolomite (i.e., the Ordovician Bighorn Dolomite and Mississippian Madison Limestone) onto, and over, Rattlesnake Mountain into the Bighorn Basin. Heart Mountain fault gouge was also injected downward into the bounding Rattlesnake Mountain graben normal faults (U-Pb age ca. 48.8 ± 5 Ma), based on O and C isotopes; there is no anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility fabric present. Calcite veins parallel to graben normal faults precipitated from meteoric waters (recorded by O and C isotopes) heated by the uplifting Rattlesnake Mountain anticline and crystallized at 57 °C (fluid inclusions) in the presence of oil. Calcite twinning strain results from graben injectites and calcite veins are different; we also documented a random layer-parallel shortening strain pattern for the Heart Mountain slide blocks in the ramp region (n = 4; west) and on the land surface (n = 5; atop Rattlesnake Mountain). We observed an absence of any twinning strain overprint (low negative expected values) in the allochthonous upper-plate blocks and in autochthonous carbonates directly below the Heart Mountain slide surface, again indicating rapid motion including horizontal rotation about vertical axes of the upper-plate Heart Mountain slide blocks during the Eocene.

Escape Path Obstacle-Based Mobility Model (EPOM) for Campus Delay-Tolerant Network

In Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs), humans are the main carriers of mobile devices, signifying that human mobility can be exploited by extracting nodes’ interests, social behavior, and spatiotemporal features for the performance evaluation of DTNs protocols. This paper presents a new mobility model that describes students’ daily activities in a campus environment. Unlike the conventional random walk models, which use a free space environment, our model includes a collision-avoidance technique that generates an escape path upon encountering obstacles of different shapes and sizes that obstruct pedestrian movement. We evaluate the model’s usefulness by comparing the distributions of its synthetic traces with realistic traces in terms of spatial, temporal, and connectivity features of human mobility. Similarly, we analyze the concept of dynamic movement clusters observed on the location-based trajectories of the studied real traces. The model synthetically generates traces with the distribution of the intercluster travel distance, intracluster travel distance, direction of movement, contact duration, intercontact time, and pause time similar to the distribution of real traces.

Supplemental Material: Geology of Chief Joseph Pass, Wyoming: Crest of Rattlesnake Mountain anticline and escape path of the Eocene Heart Mountain slide

File S1: AMS data. File S2: Dike paleopole data. File S3: O and C isotope data. File S4: Fluid-inclusion data. File S5: U-Pb ages

Supplemental Material: Geology of Chief Joseph Pass, Wyoming: Crest of Rattlesnake Mountain anticline and escape path of the Eocene Heart Mountain slide

File S1: AMS data. File S2: Dike paleopole data. File S3: O and C isotope data. File S4: Fluid-inclusion data. File S5: U-Pb ages

Simulation and Analysis of Coal Mine Safety Escape Routes Based on a Multi-agent Model

In order to discuss the influencing factors of mine escape decision when underground disaster occurs, this paper uses the multi-agent modeling theory to construct the coal mine safety accident escape model. The real escape scenarios of different chamber positions and multiple exits are simulated. Dijkstra algorithm was used for site selection and the shortest escape path is searched by combining breadth-first algorithm and adjacency matrix. The simulation results show that the multi-agent simulation modeling method has great advantages in simulating the evolution of complex systems.

Change of the Most Probable Escape Path in a Fast-Slow Insect Outbreak System Under Different Noise Amplitude Ratios

In the present paper, noise-induced escape from the domain of attraction of a stable fixed point of a fast-slow insect outbreak system is investigated. According to Dannenberg's theory(Dannenberg PH, Neu JC, 2014)[1], different noise amplitude ratios μ lead to the change of the Most Probable Escape Path(MPEP). Therefore, the research emphasis of this paper is to extend their study and discuss the changes of the MPEPs in more detail. Firstly, the case for μ=1, wherein the MPEP almost traces out the critical manifold, is considered. Via projecting the full system onto the critical manifold, a reduced system is obtained and the quasi-potential of the full system can be partly evaluated by that of this reduced system. In order to test the accuracy of the computed MPEP, a new relaxation method is then presented. Then, as μ converges to zero, an improved analytical method is given, through which a better approximation for the MPEP at the turning point is obtained. And then, in the case that the value of μ is moderate, wherein the MPEP will peel off the critical manifold, to determine the changing point of the MPEP on the critical manifold, an effective numerical algorithm is given. In brief, in this paper, a complete investigation on the structural changes of the MPEPs of a fast-slow insect outbreak system under different values of μ is given, and the results of the numerical simulations match well with the analytical ones.