Geology of Chief Joseph Pass, Wyoming: Crest of Rattlesnake Mountain anticline and escape path of the Eocene Heart Mountain slide

ABSTRACT Rattlesnake Mountain is a Laramide uplift cored by Archean gneiss that formed by offset along two reverse faults with opposing dips, the result being an asymmetric anticline with a drape fold of Cambrian–Cretaceous sediments. Rattlesnake Mountain was uplifted ca. 57 Ma and was a structural buttress that impeded motion of upper-plate blocks of the catastrophic Heart Mountain slide (49.19 Ma). North of Pat O’Hara Mountain anticline, Rattlesnake Mountain anticline has a central graben that formed ca. 52 Ma (U-Pb age on vein calcite in normal faults) into which O- and C-depleted fluids propagated upward with hydrocarbons. The graben is defined by down-dropped Triassic Chugwater shales atop the anticline that facilitated motion of Heart Mountain slide blocks of Paleozoic limestones dolomite (i.e., the Ordovician Bighorn Dolomite and Mississippian Madison Limestone) onto, and over, Rattlesnake Mountain into the Bighorn Basin. Heart Mountain fault gouge was also injected downward into the bounding Rattlesnake Mountain graben normal faults (U-Pb age ca. 48.8 ± 5 Ma), based on O and C isotopes; there is no anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility fabric present. Calcite veins parallel to graben normal faults precipitated from meteoric waters (recorded by O and C isotopes) heated by the uplifting Rattlesnake Mountain anticline and crystallized at 57 °C (fluid inclusions) in the presence of oil. Calcite twinning strain results from graben injectites and calcite veins are different; we also documented a random layer-parallel shortening strain pattern for the Heart Mountain slide blocks in the ramp region (n = 4; west) and on the land surface (n = 5; atop Rattlesnake Mountain). We observed an absence of any twinning strain overprint (low negative expected values) in the allochthonous upper-plate blocks and in autochthonous carbonates directly below the Heart Mountain slide surface, again indicating rapid motion including horizontal rotation about vertical axes of the upper-plate Heart Mountain slide blocks during the Eocene.

Analysis of Urban Forest Healing Program Expected Values, Needs, and Preferred Components in Urban Forest Visitors with Diseases: A Pilot Survey

Although the effectiveness of urban forest therapy has been studied and proven, most people are not well aware of the positive healing effects of urban forests that are easily accessible in daily life compared to the known healing effect of forests located outside urban areas. In addition, there has been a study on the analysis of urban forest healing program needs in the general population, but there is a lack of evidence on the expected values and needs of urban forest healing for people with diseases. Therefore, this pilot survey aimed to investigate the expected values, needs, and preferred components of urban forest healing programs in urban forest visitors with disease via an online user survey and see if there were any differences in the purpose of the urban forest visits and expected values of urban forest healing depending on the type of disease. The survey was conducted on 294 urban forest visitors with diseases. About 79% of respondents agreed with the healing effects of urban forest, however most respondents expected healing effects on mental health rather than on physical health (“mood change” was the highest with score of 4.43/5, followed by “reliving stress” (4.35/5) and “mental and physical stability” (4.31/5)). In addition, more than 82.0% of respondents agreed to participate in the program if a healing program for disease was developed. The results of the current pilot survey indicate that the purpose of the urban forest visits and expected values of urban forest healing were largely not different by the type of disease, and people with disease had a relatively lower awareness and lower expected values of urban forest healing effects on physical health, but high demand for the program. Urban forest therapy programs should be developed based on the specific clinical characteristics of the disease to maximize the effectiveness of the program. Additionally, policies should be implemented to promote the beneficial effects of urban forest healing not only for mental health but also for physical health.

Fuzzy-based non-bankruptcy trend forecast

Many companies face an economic downturn due to the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak, which makes their future uncertain. The practical aim of the paper is to establish a procedure for an effective prediction of a business tendency to bankrupt in the short-term period. The tool is a three-stage fuzzy model formulated in the theoreticalmethodological part and applied on the real data of an examined company. The model input parameters are objective and subjective measured data between 2008-2020 of a nature affecting the output. The output is an interval of subjectively expected values determining the non-Bankruptcy trend (non-B) of a company. The paper shows advantages of the interval fuzzy approach for bankruptcy prediction and identifies the measure of business safety.

The Mixed-Body Model: A Method for Predicting Large Deflections in Stepped Cantilever Beams

This paper presents a method for predicting endpoint coordinates, stress, and force to deflect stepped cantilever beams under large deflections. This method, the Mixed-Body Model or MBM, combines small deflection theory and the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model for large deflections. To analyze the efficacy of the model, the MBM is compared to a model that assumes the first step in the beam to be rigid, to finite element analysis, and to the numerical boundary value solution over a large sample set of loading conditions, geometries, and material properties. The model was also compared to physical prototypes. In all cases, the MBM agrees well with expected values. Optimization of the MBM parameters yielded increased agreement, leading to average errors of <0.01 to 3%. The model provides a simple, quick solution with minimal error that can be particularly helpful in design.

Priming With Red Blood Cells Allows Red Blood Cell Exchange for Sickle Cell Disease in Low-Weight Children

Red blood cell exchanges are frequently used to treat and prevent cerebrovascular complications in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, the low weight of young children represents serious concerns for this procedure. The Spectra Optia device can perform automatic priming using red blood cells (RBCs) (RCE/RBC-primed) which could allow RBC exchanges (RCE) to be performed in young children without hypovolemic complications, but this method requires evaluation. We prospectively analyzed the clinical safety of the RCE/RBC-primed procedure in 12 SCA low-weight children under either a chronic RCE program or emergency treatment over 65 sessions. We monitored grade 2 adverse events (AEs) such as a decrease in blood pressure, increase in heart rate, fainting sensation, or transfusion reactions and identified the critical times during the sessions in which AEs could occur. Post-apheresis hematocrit (Hct) and a fraction of cell remaining (FCR) values were compared to the expected values. We also compared the impact of automatic RCE (n = 7) vs. RCE/RBC-primed (n = 8) on blood viscosity and RBC rheology. A low incidence of complications was observed in the 65 RCE sessions with only seven episodes of transient grade 2 AEs. Post-apheresis Hct and FCR reached expected values with the RCE/RBC-primed method. Both the automatic and priming procedures improved RBC deformability and decreased the sickling tendency during deoxygenation. Blood rheological features improved in both RCE/RBC-primed and automatic RCE without priming conditions. The RCE/RBC-primed procedure provides blood rheological benefits, and is safe and efficient to treat, notably in young children with SCA in prophylactic programs or curatively when a SCA complication occurs.

A Seismic Alert System for Oil & Gas Offshore Fields

Objectives/Scope This paper presents an innovative web tool developed for the seismic monitoring of critical infrastructure. As an example, we describe an application for the ENI offshore facilities, Jangkrik and Merakes Fields Development, offshore Indonesia. Methods, Procedures, Process The system monitors reported seismic activity in a project area, and issues warnings when earthquakes detected may have directly or indirectly impacted facilities. Notifications allow the owner to optimize decisions regarding post-earthquake asset surveys and maintenance, avoiding the need for inspections in areas not significantly affected. A system of email alerts and a web based GIS platform provide the end-user with a tool to control its own assets. Results, Observations, Conclusions The purpose of the tool is to indirectly monitor earthquakes in an area and identify those which may have damaged the Oil and Gas facilities of interest. This identification requires accurate near real-time earthquake data such as date, time, location, magnitude, and focal depth. To this end, the system retrieves earthquake data from a qualified set of public seismic agencies. The system computes the expected values of shaking at the specific offshore facilities (platforms, subsea structures, pipelines, etc.). Calculations are based on sets of Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) selected to match the seismotectonic environment. The expected values of seismic acceleration generated by an earthquake are compared with threshold values and a warning message is issued to the facilities supervisors when the ground acceleration exceeds design values. Threshold values related to secondary seismic effects (e.g., seismically induced landslides, debris flow) which could affect facilities integrity are also considered in the alert system. Threshold values are defined considering project seismic and geohazard documents, to summarize strong ground motion parameters that could potentially trigger damaging seismic geohazards, and project design documents to collect all data about seismic design of the assets. Monitoring intervals are defined based on the documentation screening. Several alarm levels are selected, based on the potential severity of earthquake effects. The more severe levels of ground motion, with high damage potential, can trigger recommendation for inspection. Novel/Additive Information Asset integrity and safety are key drivers in the offshore petroleum industry. Safety performance with respect to earthquakes is a fundamental issue in all seismic prone areas. The seismic alert system presented highlights, in near real time, earthquakes that are potentially critical for structures in an Oil and Gas field. This allows the owners to make quick decisions and plan necessary intervention regarding assets affected directly or indirectly by earthquakes. Exploiting the wide background of knowledge in engineering and geoscience and the modern availability of global earthquake data, the tool can provide useful assistance in managing asset integrity, regardless of the availability of local seismic networks or strong motion stations.

State finder and Om diagnostics in modified and generalised Chaplygin gas from recent data

A modified and generalised Chaplygin gas (MCG, [Formula: see text] and GCG, [Formula: see text]) has been separately chosen here as a constituent of the universe. Concept of state finder and Om diagnostics are introduced to track the dark energy in the models. Here, observed Hubble data (OHD) and binned Pantheon data of supernovae are used to determine the best-fit equation-of-state (EoS) parameters of these models and these are compared with the [Formula: see text]CDM model. The best-fit value and expected values of cosmological jerk parameter [Formula: see text], snap parameter [Formula: see text] are determined, which are close to each other. A plot of [Formula: see text] with red-shift, with themselves, as well as with deceleration parameter [Formula: see text], shows the evolution of the universe and its possible future. Variations of [Formula: see text] and EoS parameter [Formula: see text] with red-shift show acceleration–deceleration phase transition in the recent past. Lastly, the state finder pair [Formula: see text] and Om diagnostic have been utilized to discriminate the models.