Theories on the Formation and Evolution of ~2D Planar Celestial Kinematics

The existence of essentially 2-dimensional planar solar systems and galaxies would seem to be a contradiction to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics relating to the tendency of natural processes toward spatial homogeneity of matter and energy. During the formation process of celestial systems, an equal dispersion of matter throughout 3-dimensional space would have been a more logical result to satisfy entropy/disorder increasing at all times. Conventional belief is that the ~2D planar geometry of galaxies and solar systems is largely due to rotational kinetic forces and matter collapsing due to its own gravity; this project seeks to expand and enhance the potential forces to explain ~2D planar celestial kinematics. Computational mathematics utilizing programming in C# will analyze various potential forces and relative magnitudes to determine proposed force-balances during these formation processes. A better understanding of the formation process (and the forces that govern them) of galaxies and solar systems can help explain their evolutions to steady state; for this, the derived mathematical models will be computed and translated to visual models in 4-D space-time over various time frames.

SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES IN BUDDHIST PRACTICES

The studies in Buddhism and Science show an increased positive correlation in different aspects. This indicates a positive correlation between Buddhism and Science, i.e., physiological and functional mutual relationships. They can interact and promote each other to develop. Buddhism can be considered a bridge connecting moral ideas and scientific ideas by encouraging people to discover the hiddenly potential forces in mind towards the surrounding environment. Buddhism is always trendy; since then,Buddhism and Science have actively applied to create a more developed, civilized, and ethical society.

Synopsis: Fine-tuning the EIF Model

Chapter 18 offers a synopsis of the preceding chapters. In the light of chapters 2 to 17, the editor sums up and comments on the advantages, shortcomings, and potential pitfalls of the Extra- and Intra-territorial Forces Model and thus evaluates its suitability for both postcolonial and non-postcolonial contexts. The synopsis provides an extended list of extra- and intra-territorial forces which can be identified in the case studies discussed (for a first list of potential forces, see Buschfeld and Kautzsch 2017). It also meets the critical voices raised in some of the contributions and offers some alternations and modifications to the original conception of the model, viz. the revised Extra- and Intra-territorial Forces Model.